Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels
In the present work, the effect of low aluminum additions and the hot forging process on the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions of high manganese steels is analyzed. Four high-manganese steels (HMnS) were prepared by adding low aluminum contents of 1.1 and 1.5 wt. % to four carbon austenitic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy |
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| Online Access: | https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2023/1450-53392300007M.pdf |
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| author | Morales-Cruz E.U. Vargas-Ramírez M. Lobo-Guerrero A. Cruz-Ramírez A. Colin-García E. Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H. Martínez-Vázquez J.M. |
| author_facet | Morales-Cruz E.U. Vargas-Ramírez M. Lobo-Guerrero A. Cruz-Ramírez A. Colin-García E. Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H. Martínez-Vázquez J.M. |
| author_sort | Morales-Cruz E.U. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present work, the effect of low aluminum additions and the hot forging process on the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions of high manganese steels is analyzed. Four high-manganese steels (HMnS) were prepared by adding low aluminum contents of 1.1 and 1.5 wt. % to four carbon austenitic steels with medium carbon content (0.3 - 0.4 wt% C) and manganese contents of 17 and 22 wt. Samples of the as-cast steels were hot forged to 1100°C to obtain an overall reduction of 70 %. Microstructural evolution was studied using microscopy techniques (OM, and SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction measurements for the as-cast and hot forged steels. A typical grain columnar zone formed during solidification of a cast ingot was obtained in the as-cast condition, where the microstructure consisted of nonmetallic inclusions in a fully austenitic matrix. The non-metallic inclusions were identified as Al2O3 and MnS particles. Thermomechanical treatment allows the formation of an austenitic microstructure characterized by twins in steels with high manganese content, while an austenitic-martensitic duplex microstructure was obtained in HMnS, which contained the lowest manganese contents. The highest tensile strength values were obtained for 17Mn-1Al steel, which had the smallest grain size and higher content of non-metallic inclusions. The hardness values were similar to those obtained in the as-cast condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b0d7a778dd94ce2ab4dedadf5d518c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1450-5339 2217-7175 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b0d7a778dd94ce2ab4dedadf5d518c42025-02-03T09:40:59ZengUniversity of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, BorJournal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy1450-53392217-71752023-01-01591779010.2298/JMMB220919007M1450-53392300007MEffect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steelsMorales-Cruz E.U.0Vargas-Ramírez M.1Lobo-Guerrero A.2Cruz-Ramírez A.3Colin-García E.4Sánchez-Alvarado R.G.5Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H.6Martínez-Vázquez J.M.7Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo - UAEH, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Pachuca, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo - UAEH, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Pachuca, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo - UAEH, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Pachuca, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - UPIIZ, Departamento de Formación Profesional Específica. Zacatecas, MéxicoUniversidad Politécnica de Juventino Rosas - UPJR, Guanajuato, MéxicoIn the present work, the effect of low aluminum additions and the hot forging process on the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions of high manganese steels is analyzed. Four high-manganese steels (HMnS) were prepared by adding low aluminum contents of 1.1 and 1.5 wt. % to four carbon austenitic steels with medium carbon content (0.3 - 0.4 wt% C) and manganese contents of 17 and 22 wt. Samples of the as-cast steels were hot forged to 1100°C to obtain an overall reduction of 70 %. Microstructural evolution was studied using microscopy techniques (OM, and SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction measurements for the as-cast and hot forged steels. A typical grain columnar zone formed during solidification of a cast ingot was obtained in the as-cast condition, where the microstructure consisted of nonmetallic inclusions in a fully austenitic matrix. The non-metallic inclusions were identified as Al2O3 and MnS particles. Thermomechanical treatment allows the formation of an austenitic microstructure characterized by twins in steels with high manganese content, while an austenitic-martensitic duplex microstructure was obtained in HMnS, which contained the lowest manganese contents. The highest tensile strength values were obtained for 17Mn-1Al steel, which had the smallest grain size and higher content of non-metallic inclusions. The hardness values were similar to those obtained in the as-cast condition.https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2023/1450-53392300007M.pdfsteelhot forgingmanganesehadfieldmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Morales-Cruz E.U. Vargas-Ramírez M. Lobo-Guerrero A. Cruz-Ramírez A. Colin-García E. Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H. Martínez-Vázquez J.M. Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy steel hot forging manganese hadfield microstructure |
| title | Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels |
| title_full | Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels |
| title_fullStr | Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels |
| title_short | Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels |
| title_sort | effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high manganese steels |
| topic | steel hot forging manganese hadfield microstructure |
| url | https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2023/1450-53392300007M.pdf |
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