Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study
Abstract Background There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda....
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Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2054425124001353/type/journal_article |
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| author | Zerihun Admassu Sikky Shiqi Chen Carmen H. Logie Moses Okumu Frannie MacKenzie Robert Hakiza Daniel Kibuuka Musoke Brenda Katisi Aidah Nakitende Peter Kyambadde Lawrence Mbuagbaw |
| author_facet | Zerihun Admassu Sikky Shiqi Chen Carmen H. Logie Moses Okumu Frannie MacKenzie Robert Hakiza Daniel Kibuuka Musoke Brenda Katisi Aidah Nakitende Peter Kyambadde Lawrence Mbuagbaw |
| author_sort | Zerihun Admassu |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
Background
There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with refugee youth aged 16–24 in Kampala, Uganda. We assessed depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and conducted latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify depression trajectories. Sociodemographic and socioecological factors were examined as predictors of trajectory clusters using multivariable logistic regression.
Results
Data were collected from n = 164 participants (n = 89 cisgender women, n = 73 cisgender men, n = 2 transgender persons; mean age: 19.9, standard deviation: 2.5 at seven timepoints; n = 1,116 observations). Two distinct trajectory clusters were identified: “sustained low depression level” (n = 803, 71.9%) and “sustained high depression level” (n = 313, 28.1%). Sociodemographic (older age, gender [cisgender women vs. cisgender men], longer time in Uganda), and socioecological (structural: unemployment, food insecurity; interpersonal: parenthood, recent intimate partner violence) factors were significantly associated with the sustained high trajectory of depression.
Conclusions
The chronicity of depression highlights the critical need for early depression screening with urban refugee youth in Kampala. Addressing multilevel depression drivers prompts age and gender-tailored strategies and considering social determinants of health.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4afe10f903d249288dbbc46d2e999c1d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2054-4251 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-4afe10f903d249288dbbc46d2e999c1d2025-08-20T01:56:25ZengCambridge University PressCambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health2054-42512024-01-011110.1017/gmh.2024.135Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort studyZerihun Admassu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1670-8949Sikky Shiqi Chen1Carmen H. Logie2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433XMoses Okumu3Frannie MacKenzie4Robert Hakiza5Daniel Kibuuka Musoke6Brenda Katisi7Aidah Nakitende8Peter Kyambadde9Lawrence Mbuagbaw10Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, BC, Canada Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, CanadaSchool of Social Work, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA School of Social Sciences, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, UgandaFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaYoung African Refugees for Integral Development (YARID), Kampala, UgandaInternational Research Consortium (IRC-Kampala), Kampala, UgandaYoung African Refugees for Integral Development (YARID), Kampala, UgandaInternational Research Consortium (IRC-Kampala), Kampala, UgandaMost At Risk Population Initiative Clinic, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, UgandaDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Abstract Background There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with refugee youth aged 16–24 in Kampala, Uganda. We assessed depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and conducted latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify depression trajectories. Sociodemographic and socioecological factors were examined as predictors of trajectory clusters using multivariable logistic regression. Results Data were collected from n = 164 participants (n = 89 cisgender women, n = 73 cisgender men, n = 2 transgender persons; mean age: 19.9, standard deviation: 2.5 at seven timepoints; n = 1,116 observations). Two distinct trajectory clusters were identified: “sustained low depression level” (n = 803, 71.9%) and “sustained high depression level” (n = 313, 28.1%). Sociodemographic (older age, gender [cisgender women vs. cisgender men], longer time in Uganda), and socioecological (structural: unemployment, food insecurity; interpersonal: parenthood, recent intimate partner violence) factors were significantly associated with the sustained high trajectory of depression. Conclusions The chronicity of depression highlights the critical need for early depression screening with urban refugee youth in Kampala. Addressing multilevel depression drivers prompts age and gender-tailored strategies and considering social determinants of health. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2054425124001353/type/journal_articledepressionrefugeetrajectoriesyouth |
| spellingShingle | Zerihun Admassu Sikky Shiqi Chen Carmen H. Logie Moses Okumu Frannie MacKenzie Robert Hakiza Daniel Kibuuka Musoke Brenda Katisi Aidah Nakitende Peter Kyambadde Lawrence Mbuagbaw Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health depression refugee trajectories youth |
| title | Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study |
| title_full | Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study |
| title_short | Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study |
| title_sort | sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in kampala uganda a longitudinal cohort study |
| topic | depression refugee trajectories youth |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2054425124001353/type/journal_article |
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