Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers
This paper presents an analytical approach for designing holographic reflectarray (HRA) antennas using polarizability tensors of patch scatterers. First, the behavior of patch scatterers is described using collective polarizability tensors as their characteristic parameters. The polarizability compo...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10938579/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850179543878336512 |
|---|---|
| author | Shakiba Paloudi Nader Komjani Mohammad Yazdi |
| author_facet | Shakiba Paloudi Nader Komjani Mohammad Yazdi |
| author_sort | Shakiba Paloudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents an analytical approach for designing holographic reflectarray (HRA) antennas using polarizability tensors of patch scatterers. First, the behavior of patch scatterers is described using collective polarizability tensors as their characteristic parameters. The polarizability components of the patch scatterers are then extracted using a retrieval approach. Next, the analytical input admittance of HRA elements, containing patch scatterers, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane, is derived as a function of incident angle and collective polarizabilities of patch scatterers, which depend on the patch dimensions. This is achieved by applying the collective polarizability tensors of patch scatterers in an equivalent circuit model. A design procedure is then developed to determine the distribution of scatterers on the reflectarray surface. This approach utilizes a closed-form formulation to calculate input admittances, expressed as a function of the incident angle and polarizability components. It takes into account the variations in incident angles for elements positioned at different locations. By adopting this approach, both the computational load and the time required for input admittance calculations are significantly reduced compared to previous methods based on numerical approaches. Additionally, in this method, increasing the number of elements or altering the feed antenna’s position has no impact on the calculation time. Finally, a practical example of an HRA antenna is designed using the proposed approach. Since the proposed approach requires neither extensive full-wave simulations nor an optimization procedure, it can pave the way for fast and accurate design of HRAs. To validate the proposed approach, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20\,cm \times 20\,cm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> linearly polarized HRA is manufactured and tested at 15 GHz. The simulation and experimental results show good agreement. The experimental peak gain and aperture efficiency at 15 GHz are found 26.8 dBi and 38%, respectively. Additionally, 1-dB gain bandwidth is 22.22%, from 14 GHz to 17.5 GHz. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4af4b363f28e4da299844d21aae3d7e2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-4af4b363f28e4da299844d21aae3d7e22025-08-20T02:18:28ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113675786758710.1109/ACCESS.2025.355463110938579Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch ScatterersShakiba Paloudi0Nader Komjani1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-9226Mohammad Yazdi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-2537Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, IranDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, IranDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, IranThis paper presents an analytical approach for designing holographic reflectarray (HRA) antennas using polarizability tensors of patch scatterers. First, the behavior of patch scatterers is described using collective polarizability tensors as their characteristic parameters. The polarizability components of the patch scatterers are then extracted using a retrieval approach. Next, the analytical input admittance of HRA elements, containing patch scatterers, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane, is derived as a function of incident angle and collective polarizabilities of patch scatterers, which depend on the patch dimensions. This is achieved by applying the collective polarizability tensors of patch scatterers in an equivalent circuit model. A design procedure is then developed to determine the distribution of scatterers on the reflectarray surface. This approach utilizes a closed-form formulation to calculate input admittances, expressed as a function of the incident angle and polarizability components. It takes into account the variations in incident angles for elements positioned at different locations. By adopting this approach, both the computational load and the time required for input admittance calculations are significantly reduced compared to previous methods based on numerical approaches. Additionally, in this method, increasing the number of elements or altering the feed antenna’s position has no impact on the calculation time. Finally, a practical example of an HRA antenna is designed using the proposed approach. Since the proposed approach requires neither extensive full-wave simulations nor an optimization procedure, it can pave the way for fast and accurate design of HRAs. To validate the proposed approach, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20\,cm \times 20\,cm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> linearly polarized HRA is manufactured and tested at 15 GHz. The simulation and experimental results show good agreement. The experimental peak gain and aperture efficiency at 15 GHz are found 26.8 dBi and 38%, respectively. Additionally, 1-dB gain bandwidth is 22.22%, from 14 GHz to 17.5 GHz.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10938579/Holographic reflectarray (HRA)collective polarizability tensorsretrieval approach |
| spellingShingle | Shakiba Paloudi Nader Komjani Mohammad Yazdi Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers IEEE Access Holographic reflectarray (HRA) collective polarizability tensors retrieval approach |
| title | Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers |
| title_full | Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers |
| title_fullStr | Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers |
| title_short | Analysis and Design of Holographic Reflectarray Antennas Using Collective Polarizability Tensors of Patch Scatterers |
| title_sort | analysis and design of holographic reflectarray antennas using collective polarizability tensors of patch scatterers |
| topic | Holographic reflectarray (HRA) collective polarizability tensors retrieval approach |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10938579/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shakibapaloudi analysisanddesignofholographicreflectarrayantennasusingcollectivepolarizabilitytensorsofpatchscatterers AT naderkomjani analysisanddesignofholographicreflectarrayantennasusingcollectivepolarizabilitytensorsofpatchscatterers AT mohammadyazdi analysisanddesignofholographicreflectarrayantennasusingcollectivepolarizabilitytensorsofpatchscatterers |