Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm

Abstract Athletic person’s fatigue and stamina prediction plays a vital role for improving the overall performance in the sports. Identification of the athletic person’s facial expression on track and field using image, is still a challenge task. The complex background and improper environmental lig...

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Main Authors: P. K. Santhosh, B. Kaarthick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10757-w
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author P. K. Santhosh
B. Kaarthick
author_facet P. K. Santhosh
B. Kaarthick
author_sort P. K. Santhosh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Athletic person’s fatigue and stamina prediction plays a vital role for improving the overall performance in the sports. Identification of the athletic person’s facial expression on track and field using image, is still a challenge task. The complex background and improper environmental lighting conditions affects the identification of athlete’s facial expressions while playing. Existing methods use RGB and traditional night vision cameras for detecting athlete’s facial expressions that operates only in minimum lighting condition. These cameras does not function in low lighting (< 30%) and complete dark environment. Moreover, the existing systems never predict fatigue, pain and stamina of the player on the ground in dark environment. In this paper, the facial thermal images of athletic person during playing are acquired and enhanced through the proposed HEOP preprocessing method. Further, the proposed ECOC-MCSVM method classifies fatigue, pain and stamina of sportsperson using facial biomarkers such as cheek raising, lip spreading, tongue position, jaw dropping and nose wrinkling. The prediction levels are optimized using Bayesian optimized Multiple Polynomial Regression analysis (BO-MPR). The proposed ECOC-MCSVM method has an accuracy of 97.69% for fatigue, pain and stamina prediction and it is validated with existing methodologies.
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spelling doaj-art-4af28dcac390422aa5bd52dbbc7b40a12025-08-20T03:42:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-10757-wFatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithmP. K. Santhosh0B. Kaarthick1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jaya Sakthi Engineering CollegeDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and TechnologyAbstract Athletic person’s fatigue and stamina prediction plays a vital role for improving the overall performance in the sports. Identification of the athletic person’s facial expression on track and field using image, is still a challenge task. The complex background and improper environmental lighting conditions affects the identification of athlete’s facial expressions while playing. Existing methods use RGB and traditional night vision cameras for detecting athlete’s facial expressions that operates only in minimum lighting condition. These cameras does not function in low lighting (< 30%) and complete dark environment. Moreover, the existing systems never predict fatigue, pain and stamina of the player on the ground in dark environment. In this paper, the facial thermal images of athletic person during playing are acquired and enhanced through the proposed HEOP preprocessing method. Further, the proposed ECOC-MCSVM method classifies fatigue, pain and stamina of sportsperson using facial biomarkers such as cheek raising, lip spreading, tongue position, jaw dropping and nose wrinkling. The prediction levels are optimized using Bayesian optimized Multiple Polynomial Regression analysis (BO-MPR). The proposed ECOC-MCSVM method has an accuracy of 97.69% for fatigue, pain and stamina prediction and it is validated with existing methodologies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10757-wFacial emotion recognition (FER)Thermal imagingFacial biomarkersMulti-class support vector machine (MC-SVM)
spellingShingle P. K. Santhosh
B. Kaarthick
Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
Scientific Reports
Facial emotion recognition (FER)
Thermal imaging
Facial biomarkers
Multi-class support vector machine (MC-SVM)
title Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
title_full Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
title_fullStr Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
title_short Fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
title_sort fatigue and stamina prediction of athletic person on track using thermal facial biomarkers and optimized machine learning algorithm
topic Facial emotion recognition (FER)
Thermal imaging
Facial biomarkers
Multi-class support vector machine (MC-SVM)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10757-w
work_keys_str_mv AT pksanthosh fatigueandstaminapredictionofathleticpersonontrackusingthermalfacialbiomarkersandoptimizedmachinelearningalgorithm
AT bkaarthick fatigueandstaminapredictionofathleticpersonontrackusingthermalfacialbiomarkersandoptimizedmachinelearningalgorithm