Multiscale information processing in the immune system

The immune system is an advanced, multiscale adaptive network capable of processing biological information across molecular, cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, demonstrating remarkable properties such as antifragility and criticality. We propose a unified theoretical framework based on six canon...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Roberto Navarro Quiroz, Jose Villarreal Camacho, Eloina Zarate Peñata, Yesit Bello Lemus, Claudio López-Fernández, Lorena Gomez Escorcia, Cecilia Fernández-Ponce, Martha Rebolledo Cobos, Jennifer Fandiño Moreno, Ornella Fiorillo-Moreno, Elkin Navarro Quiroz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563992/full
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Summary:The immune system is an advanced, multiscale adaptive network capable of processing biological information across molecular, cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, demonstrating remarkable properties such as antifragility and criticality. We propose a unified theoretical framework based on six canonical functions—sensing, coding, decoding, response, feedback, and learning—that act as scale-invariant operational units, integrating molecular precision, collective cellular intelligence, and systemic coordination into coherent adaptive responses. Through this lens, immune function emerges from universal principles of complex network organization, including symmetry breaking, self-organized criticality, modularity, and small-world topology. These insights pave the way toward a predictive immunology grounded in fundamental physical principles, enabling novel computational modeling approaches and facilitating personalized therapeutic interventions that exploit inherent immunological robustness and plasticity.
ISSN:1664-3224