Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay

Abstract Reconstructing how prehistoric humans used the products obtained from large cetaceans is challenging, but key to understand the history of early human coastal adaptations. Here we report the multiproxy analysis (ZooMS, radiocarbon, stable isotopes) of worked objects made of whale bone, and...

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Main Authors: Krista McGrath, Laura G. van der Sluis, Alexandre Lefebvre, Anne Charpentier, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Esteban Álvarez-Fernández, François Baleux, Eduardo Berganza, François-Xavier Chauvière, Morgane Dachary, Elsa Duarte Matías, Claire Houmard, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Marco de la Rasilla Vives, Jesus Tapia, François Thil, Olivier Tombret, Leire Torres-Iglesias, Camilla Speller, Antoine Zazzo, Jean-Marc Pétillon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59486-8
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author Krista McGrath
Laura G. van der Sluis
Alexandre Lefebvre
Anne Charpentier
Ana S. L. Rodrigues
Esteban Álvarez-Fernández
François Baleux
Eduardo Berganza
François-Xavier Chauvière
Morgane Dachary
Elsa Duarte Matías
Claire Houmard
Ana B. Marín-Arroyo
Marco de la Rasilla Vives
Jesus Tapia
François Thil
Olivier Tombret
Leire Torres-Iglesias
Camilla Speller
Antoine Zazzo
Jean-Marc Pétillon
author_facet Krista McGrath
Laura G. van der Sluis
Alexandre Lefebvre
Anne Charpentier
Ana S. L. Rodrigues
Esteban Álvarez-Fernández
François Baleux
Eduardo Berganza
François-Xavier Chauvière
Morgane Dachary
Elsa Duarte Matías
Claire Houmard
Ana B. Marín-Arroyo
Marco de la Rasilla Vives
Jesus Tapia
François Thil
Olivier Tombret
Leire Torres-Iglesias
Camilla Speller
Antoine Zazzo
Jean-Marc Pétillon
author_sort Krista McGrath
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Reconstructing how prehistoric humans used the products obtained from large cetaceans is challenging, but key to understand the history of early human coastal adaptations. Here we report the multiproxy analysis (ZooMS, radiocarbon, stable isotopes) of worked objects made of whale bone, and unworked whale bone fragments, found at Upper Paleolithic sites (Magdalenian) around the Bay of Biscay. Taxonomic identification using ZooMS reveals at least five species of large whales, expanding the range of known taxa whose products were utilized by humans in this period. Radiocarbon places the use of whale products ca. 20–14 ka cal BP, with a maximum diffusion and diversity at 17.5–16 ka cal BP, making it the oldest evidence of whale-bone working to our knowledge. δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values reflect taxon-specific differences in foraging behavior. The diversity and chronology of these cetacean populations attest to the richness of the marine ecosystem of the Bay of Biscay in the late Paleolithic, broadening our understanding of coastal adaptations at that time.
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spelling doaj-art-4aeb5cd2bc414d99834418d848ab1d942025-08-24T11:38:59ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111510.1038/s41467-025-59486-8Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of BiscayKrista McGrath0Laura G. van der Sluis1Alexandre Lefebvre2Anne Charpentier3Ana S. L. Rodrigues4Esteban Álvarez-Fernández5François Baleux6Eduardo Berganza7François-Xavier Chauvière8Morgane Dachary9Elsa Duarte Matías10Claire Houmard11Ana B. Marín-Arroyo12Marco de la Rasilla Vives13Jesus Tapia14François Thil15Olivier Tombret16Leire Torres-Iglesias17Camilla Speller18Antoine Zazzo19Jean-Marc Pétillon20Department of Prehistory and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBioArchéologie, Interactions Sociétés Environnements (BioArch), UMR 7209, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRSGrupo I + D + i EVOADAPTA, Universidad de CantabriaCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDGIR PREHUSAL, Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y ArqueologíaTravaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés (TRACES) UMR 5608, CNRS, Université Toulouse Jean JaurèsSociedad de Ciencias AranzadiOffice du patrimoine et de l’archéologie du canton de Neuchâtel, section Archéologie, LaténiumTravaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés (TRACES) UMR 5608, CNRS, Université Toulouse Jean JaurèsDepartamento de Historia, Universidad de OviedoUniversité de Franche-Comté, UMR 6249 Chrono-environnementGrupo I + D + i EVOADAPTA, Universidad de CantabriaDepartamento de Historia, Universidad de OviedoSociedad de Ciencias AranzadiLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris SaclayBioArchéologie, Interactions Sociétés Environnements (BioArch), UMR 7209, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRSGrupo I + D + i EVOADAPTA, Universidad de CantabriaDepartment of Anthropology, University of British ColumbiaBioArchéologie, Interactions Sociétés Environnements (BioArch), UMR 7209, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRSTravaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés (TRACES) UMR 5608, CNRS, Université Toulouse Jean JaurèsAbstract Reconstructing how prehistoric humans used the products obtained from large cetaceans is challenging, but key to understand the history of early human coastal adaptations. Here we report the multiproxy analysis (ZooMS, radiocarbon, stable isotopes) of worked objects made of whale bone, and unworked whale bone fragments, found at Upper Paleolithic sites (Magdalenian) around the Bay of Biscay. Taxonomic identification using ZooMS reveals at least five species of large whales, expanding the range of known taxa whose products were utilized by humans in this period. Radiocarbon places the use of whale products ca. 20–14 ka cal BP, with a maximum diffusion and diversity at 17.5–16 ka cal BP, making it the oldest evidence of whale-bone working to our knowledge. δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values reflect taxon-specific differences in foraging behavior. The diversity and chronology of these cetacean populations attest to the richness of the marine ecosystem of the Bay of Biscay in the late Paleolithic, broadening our understanding of coastal adaptations at that time.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59486-8
spellingShingle Krista McGrath
Laura G. van der Sluis
Alexandre Lefebvre
Anne Charpentier
Ana S. L. Rodrigues
Esteban Álvarez-Fernández
François Baleux
Eduardo Berganza
François-Xavier Chauvière
Morgane Dachary
Elsa Duarte Matías
Claire Houmard
Ana B. Marín-Arroyo
Marco de la Rasilla Vives
Jesus Tapia
François Thil
Olivier Tombret
Leire Torres-Iglesias
Camilla Speller
Antoine Zazzo
Jean-Marc Pétillon
Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
Nature Communications
title Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
title_full Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
title_fullStr Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
title_full_unstemmed Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
title_short Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
title_sort late paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the bay of biscay
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59486-8
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