High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a significant threat to human and animal health, yet the diversity and prevalence of tick-borne microorganisms in karst regions remains inadequately explored. In October 2023, a total of 274 <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> ticks were collected from live...

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Main Authors: Ya-Ting Liu, Yi-Fei Wang, Ming-Zhu Zhang, Dai-Yun Zhu, Yi Sun, Cai-Wei Gong, Lin Zhan, Xiao-Ming Cui, Wu-Chun Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/765
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author Ya-Ting Liu
Yi-Fei Wang
Ming-Zhu Zhang
Dai-Yun Zhu
Yi Sun
Cai-Wei Gong
Lin Zhan
Xiao-Ming Cui
Wu-Chun Cao
author_facet Ya-Ting Liu
Yi-Fei Wang
Ming-Zhu Zhang
Dai-Yun Zhu
Yi Sun
Cai-Wei Gong
Lin Zhan
Xiao-Ming Cui
Wu-Chun Cao
author_sort Ya-Ting Liu
collection DOAJ
description Ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a significant threat to human and animal health, yet the diversity and prevalence of tick-borne microorganisms in karst regions remains inadequately explored. In October 2023, a total of 274 <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> ticks were collected from livestock in Guizhou Province, which boasts the largest karst area in China. Pathogen identification was subsequently performed using PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. High microbial diversity was noted, with five bacterial species from the order Rickettsiales detected, including those from the genera <i>Rickettsia</i> (family <i>Rickettsiaceae</i>), <i>Anaplasma</i>, and <i>Ehrlichia</i> (family <i>Anaplasmataceae</i>). The overall prevalence of infection with at least one pathogen was remarkably high at 94.5%. The highest positive rate was observed for <i>Candidatus</i> Rickettsia jingxinensis at 90.9%. A novel <i>Ehrlichia</i> species, provisionally designated as <i>Candidatus</i> Ehrlichia carsus, was identified with a positive rate of 16.8%. In addition, <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, <i>Ehrlchia minasensis</i> and <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> were detected in 15.3%, 4.7% and 1.5%, respectively. The co-infections involving two or three rickettsial species were observed in 34.3% ticks. These findings highlight the high diversity and prevalence of tick-borne rickettsial agents in the karst area, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and effective tick control to mitigate disease risks to both humans and livestock.
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spelling doaj-art-4ae5ddb8cb9a4d478d920a20fc3939852025-08-20T02:18:20ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113476510.3390/microorganisms13040765High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest ChinaYa-Ting Liu0Yi-Fei Wang1Ming-Zhu Zhang2Dai-Yun Zhu3Yi Sun4Cai-Wei Gong5Lin Zhan6Xiao-Ming Cui7Wu-Chun Cao8State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, ChinaInstitute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaInstitute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, ChinaAnimal Husbandry Development Center of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Duyun 558000, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, ChinaTicks and tick-borne pathogens pose a significant threat to human and animal health, yet the diversity and prevalence of tick-borne microorganisms in karst regions remains inadequately explored. In October 2023, a total of 274 <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> ticks were collected from livestock in Guizhou Province, which boasts the largest karst area in China. Pathogen identification was subsequently performed using PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. High microbial diversity was noted, with five bacterial species from the order Rickettsiales detected, including those from the genera <i>Rickettsia</i> (family <i>Rickettsiaceae</i>), <i>Anaplasma</i>, and <i>Ehrlichia</i> (family <i>Anaplasmataceae</i>). The overall prevalence of infection with at least one pathogen was remarkably high at 94.5%. The highest positive rate was observed for <i>Candidatus</i> Rickettsia jingxinensis at 90.9%. A novel <i>Ehrlichia</i> species, provisionally designated as <i>Candidatus</i> Ehrlichia carsus, was identified with a positive rate of 16.8%. In addition, <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, <i>Ehrlchia minasensis</i> and <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> were detected in 15.3%, 4.7% and 1.5%, respectively. The co-infections involving two or three rickettsial species were observed in 34.3% ticks. These findings highlight the high diversity and prevalence of tick-borne rickettsial agents in the karst area, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and effective tick control to mitigate disease risks to both humans and livestock.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/765karst landscapestick-borne microorganismsspotted fever group <i>Rickettsia</i><i>Anaplasma</i><i>Ehrlichia</i><i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>
spellingShingle Ya-Ting Liu
Yi-Fei Wang
Ming-Zhu Zhang
Dai-Yun Zhu
Yi Sun
Cai-Wei Gong
Lin Zhan
Xiao-Ming Cui
Wu-Chun Cao
High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China
Microorganisms
karst landscapes
tick-borne microorganisms
spotted fever group <i>Rickettsia</i>
<i>Anaplasma</i>
<i>Ehrlichia</i>
<i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>
title High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China
title_full High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China
title_fullStr High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China
title_full_unstemmed High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China
title_short High Diversity and Prevalence of Rickettsial Agents in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Ticks from Livestock in Karst Landscapes of Southwest China
title_sort high diversity and prevalence of rickettsial agents in i rhipicephalus microplus i ticks from livestock in karst landscapes of southwest china
topic karst landscapes
tick-borne microorganisms
spotted fever group <i>Rickettsia</i>
<i>Anaplasma</i>
<i>Ehrlichia</i>
<i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/765
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