Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone
Herein, a novel, highly efficient electrochemical adsorption method is introduced for detection of the potent anti-inflammatory synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone (DEX). Unlike conventional electrochemical techniques that rely on high reduction potentials, the proposed sensor offers an alternat...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Riccarda Thelma MacDonald Keagan Pokpas Emmanuel Iwuoha Candice Cupido |
| author_facet | Riccarda Thelma MacDonald Keagan Pokpas Emmanuel Iwuoha Candice Cupido |
| author_sort | Riccarda Thelma MacDonald |
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| description | Herein, a novel, highly efficient electrochemical adsorption method is introduced for detection of the potent anti-inflammatory synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone (DEX). Unlike conventional electrochemical techniques that rely on high reduction potentials, the proposed sensor offers an alternative adsorption-based mechanism with a gold nanostar-modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNS|GCE). This enables DEX detection at a less negative or moderate reduction potential of +200 mV, circumventing potential window limitations of a GCE and providing a suitable microenvironment for detection in biological media. DEX is known to effectively prevent or suppress symptoms of inflammation due to its small applied dosage; however, an overdose thereof in the human body could lead to adverse drug effects such as gastrointestinal perforation, seizures, and heart attacks. Therefore, a sensitive method is essential to monitor DEX concentration in biofluids such as urine. NMGA-capped AuNSs were leveraged to enhance the active surface area of the sensing platform and allow adsorption of DEX onto the gold surfaces through its highly electronegative fluorine atom. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed AuNS|GCE sensor showed excellent analytical performance with a remarkably low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.11 nM, a good sensitivity of 0.187 µA.nM<sup>−1</sup>, and a high percentage recovery of 92.5% over the dynamic linear range of 20–120 nM (linear regression of 0.995). The favourable electrochemical performance of this sensor allowed for successful application in the sensitive determination of DEX in synthetic urine (20% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> in PBS, pH 7). |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4ad11bc078014184aaed48f2dcf656a72025-08-20T02:24:34ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402025-06-0113620810.3390/chemosensors13060208Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of DexamethasoneRiccarda Thelma MacDonald0Keagan Pokpas1Emmanuel Iwuoha2Candice Cupido3SensorLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaSensorLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaSensorLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaSensorLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaHerein, a novel, highly efficient electrochemical adsorption method is introduced for detection of the potent anti-inflammatory synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone (DEX). Unlike conventional electrochemical techniques that rely on high reduction potentials, the proposed sensor offers an alternative adsorption-based mechanism with a gold nanostar-modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNS|GCE). This enables DEX detection at a less negative or moderate reduction potential of +200 mV, circumventing potential window limitations of a GCE and providing a suitable microenvironment for detection in biological media. DEX is known to effectively prevent or suppress symptoms of inflammation due to its small applied dosage; however, an overdose thereof in the human body could lead to adverse drug effects such as gastrointestinal perforation, seizures, and heart attacks. Therefore, a sensitive method is essential to monitor DEX concentration in biofluids such as urine. NMGA-capped AuNSs were leveraged to enhance the active surface area of the sensing platform and allow adsorption of DEX onto the gold surfaces through its highly electronegative fluorine atom. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed AuNS|GCE sensor showed excellent analytical performance with a remarkably low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.11 nM, a good sensitivity of 0.187 µA.nM<sup>−1</sup>, and a high percentage recovery of 92.5% over the dynamic linear range of 20–120 nM (linear regression of 0.995). The favourable electrochemical performance of this sensor allowed for successful application in the sensitive determination of DEX in synthetic urine (20% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> in PBS, pH 7).https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/6/208adsorptiondexamethasonedifferential pulse voltammetrygold nanostarssynthetic urine |
| spellingShingle | Riccarda Thelma MacDonald Keagan Pokpas Emmanuel Iwuoha Candice Cupido Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone Chemosensors adsorption dexamethasone differential pulse voltammetry gold nanostars synthetic urine |
| title | Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone |
| title_full | Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone |
| title_fullStr | Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone |
| title_short | Sensitive Gold Nanostar-Based Adsorption Sensor for the Determination of Dexamethasone |
| title_sort | sensitive gold nanostar based adsorption sensor for the determination of dexamethasone |
| topic | adsorption dexamethasone differential pulse voltammetry gold nanostars synthetic urine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/6/208 |
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