Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)

In Kazakhstan, in the process of inclusive education, which ensures equal access to education for all children, taking into account their particular educational needs, priority is given to children who need special conditions. The number of such children in general education schools is steadily grow...

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Main Authors: Zhanat Mamerkhanova, Alfina Sakayeva, Kulbarshyn Akhmetkarimova, Dana Assakayeva, Valentina Bobrova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1630225/full
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author Zhanat Mamerkhanova
Alfina Sakayeva
Kulbarshyn Akhmetkarimova
Dana Assakayeva
Valentina Bobrova
author_facet Zhanat Mamerkhanova
Alfina Sakayeva
Kulbarshyn Akhmetkarimova
Dana Assakayeva
Valentina Bobrova
author_sort Zhanat Mamerkhanova
collection DOAJ
description In Kazakhstan, in the process of inclusive education, which ensures equal access to education for all children, taking into account their particular educational needs, priority is given to children who need special conditions. The number of such children in general education schools is steadily growing. However, the medical model continues to dominate in general education schools, and the state and public potentials for solving the problems of inclusion are insufficiently combined. The purpose of study is to evaluate a system of conditions for the introduction of inclusive education in general education schools in Kazakhstan (case of the Karaganda region). The system includes organizational and educational, scientific and methodological, staffing, regulatory and legal, financial, material and technical, and time-related conditions temporal conditions. The main research tool is the process approach to the quality management system. In the quality management system, the process of inclusive education is assessed in terms of meeting the educational needs of the child. The process approach allows us to design a model of the system of conditions for the functioning of the inclusive education process with a feedback mechanism. The research used methods of review and content analysis of open sources of government departments and organizations that determine the nature and regulate the content of the activities of general education schools in Kazakhstan in terms of inclusive education, as well as the collection and analysis of data from statistical reports of educational organizations of the Karaganda region. It is established that the existing process of inclusive education is a combination of general and special education processes. The established system of special conditions is insufficient, and work is underway to improve it. An attempt to create a qualitatively new “product” (inclusive education) using traditional approaches to general secondary education slows down this process. The lack of an inclusive approach to general secondary education hinders the development of inclusive education and the modernization of general secondary education in general. Focusing on meeting the special educational needs of all children, including those in need of special conditions, will significantly improve the quality of education in Kazakhstan’s general education schools.
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spelling doaj-art-4ac0a65f558c4eb4bce967cdac63c0412025-08-20T03:36:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2025-08-011010.3389/feduc.2025.16302251630225Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)Zhanat Mamerkhanova0Alfina Sakayeva1Kulbarshyn Akhmetkarimova2Dana Assakayeva3Valentina Bobrova4Department of Pedagogy, Academy "Bolashaq", Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Special and Inclusive Education, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Pedagogy and Methods of Primary Education, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Pedagogy, Academy "Bolashaq", Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Special and Inclusive Education, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, KazakhstanIn Kazakhstan, in the process of inclusive education, which ensures equal access to education for all children, taking into account their particular educational needs, priority is given to children who need special conditions. The number of such children in general education schools is steadily growing. However, the medical model continues to dominate in general education schools, and the state and public potentials for solving the problems of inclusion are insufficiently combined. The purpose of study is to evaluate a system of conditions for the introduction of inclusive education in general education schools in Kazakhstan (case of the Karaganda region). The system includes organizational and educational, scientific and methodological, staffing, regulatory and legal, financial, material and technical, and time-related conditions temporal conditions. The main research tool is the process approach to the quality management system. In the quality management system, the process of inclusive education is assessed in terms of meeting the educational needs of the child. The process approach allows us to design a model of the system of conditions for the functioning of the inclusive education process with a feedback mechanism. The research used methods of review and content analysis of open sources of government departments and organizations that determine the nature and regulate the content of the activities of general education schools in Kazakhstan in terms of inclusive education, as well as the collection and analysis of data from statistical reports of educational organizations of the Karaganda region. It is established that the existing process of inclusive education is a combination of general and special education processes. The established system of special conditions is insufficient, and work is underway to improve it. An attempt to create a qualitatively new “product” (inclusive education) using traditional approaches to general secondary education slows down this process. The lack of an inclusive approach to general secondary education hinders the development of inclusive education and the modernization of general secondary education in general. Focusing on meeting the special educational needs of all children, including those in need of special conditions, will significantly improve the quality of education in Kazakhstan’s general education schools.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1630225/fullKazakhstaninclusive educationparticular educational needsthe system of conditionsspecial conditionsmodernization of education
spellingShingle Zhanat Mamerkhanova
Alfina Sakayeva
Kulbarshyn Akhmetkarimova
Dana Assakayeva
Valentina Bobrova
Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)
Frontiers in Education
Kazakhstan
inclusive education
particular educational needs
the system of conditions
special conditions
modernization of education
title Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)
title_full Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)
title_fullStr Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)
title_full_unstemmed Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)
title_short Development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan: an inside view (case of the Karaganda region)
title_sort development of inclusive education in the republic of kazakhstan an inside view case of the karaganda region
topic Kazakhstan
inclusive education
particular educational needs
the system of conditions
special conditions
modernization of education
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1630225/full
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