Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials

This study aims to develop a method for producing ballistic panels meeting NIJ Level IIIA standards by integrating silkworm cocoon waste (SCW) as reinforcement and utilizing bias fabric through cold pressing. Various SCW quantities (100 g designated as P2, 150 g designated as P3, and 225 g designate...

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Main Authors: Sutha Loidueanchai, Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara, Apichart Artnaseaw
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2024.2385929
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author Sutha Loidueanchai
Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara
Apichart Artnaseaw
author_facet Sutha Loidueanchai
Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara
Apichart Artnaseaw
author_sort Sutha Loidueanchai
collection DOAJ
description This study aims to develop a method for producing ballistic panels meeting NIJ Level IIIA standards by integrating silkworm cocoon waste (SCW) as reinforcement and utilizing bias fabric through cold pressing. Various SCW quantities (100 g designated as P2, 150 g designated as P3, and 225 g designated as P4) alongside 50 g of resin and 230 g of bias fabric were used, comparing six (type I) and three (type II) layer patterns. Panels with SCW exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, particularly in type II layouts, which show superior performance in tensile, impact, and flexural resistance. Ballistic impact tests reveal that only type I-P3, I-P4, II-P3, and II-P4 composite panels effectively stop bullet penetration, with BFS measurements ranging from 10.6–14.6 mm, below the 44 mm NIJ standard limit. Consequently, the study indicates that II-P3 is selected for producing bulletproof armor compliant with NIJ Level IIIA standards, supported by the method's simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and consistent outcomes. The decision to use II-P3 for producing ballistic panels is made due to its simplified processing requirements. Upon calculating the total component cost for panels sized at 150 × 150 mm, it is established that each panel has a cost of $1.5.
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issn 1751-8253
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publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
spelling doaj-art-4ab2ee92d0f043fab487edbb3ca9c1fd2025-08-20T02:19:38ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGreen Chemistry Letters and Reviews1751-82531751-71922024-12-0117110.1080/17518253.2024.2385929Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materialsSutha Loidueanchai0Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara1Apichart Artnaseaw2Innovation Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandInnovation Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandInnovation Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandThis study aims to develop a method for producing ballistic panels meeting NIJ Level IIIA standards by integrating silkworm cocoon waste (SCW) as reinforcement and utilizing bias fabric through cold pressing. Various SCW quantities (100 g designated as P2, 150 g designated as P3, and 225 g designated as P4) alongside 50 g of resin and 230 g of bias fabric were used, comparing six (type I) and three (type II) layer patterns. Panels with SCW exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, particularly in type II layouts, which show superior performance in tensile, impact, and flexural resistance. Ballistic impact tests reveal that only type I-P3, I-P4, II-P3, and II-P4 composite panels effectively stop bullet penetration, with BFS measurements ranging from 10.6–14.6 mm, below the 44 mm NIJ standard limit. Consequently, the study indicates that II-P3 is selected for producing bulletproof armor compliant with NIJ Level IIIA standards, supported by the method's simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and consistent outcomes. The decision to use II-P3 for producing ballistic panels is made due to its simplified processing requirements. Upon calculating the total component cost for panels sized at 150 × 150 mm, it is established that each panel has a cost of $1.5.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2024.2385929Silkworm cocoon wastemechanical propertiescomposite materialballistic panels
spellingShingle Sutha Loidueanchai
Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara
Apichart Artnaseaw
Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials
Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Silkworm cocoon waste
mechanical properties
composite material
ballistic panels
title Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials
title_full Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials
title_fullStr Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials
title_short Sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high-performance bulletproof materials
title_sort sustainable ballistic solutions for recycling silkworm cocoon waste into high performance bulletproof materials
topic Silkworm cocoon waste
mechanical properties
composite material
ballistic panels
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2024.2385929
work_keys_str_mv AT suthaloidueanchai sustainableballisticsolutionsforrecyclingsilkwormcocoonwasteintohighperformancebulletproofmaterials
AT varinrumpaiseithtanabutara sustainableballisticsolutionsforrecyclingsilkwormcocoonwasteintohighperformancebulletproofmaterials
AT apichartartnaseaw sustainableballisticsolutionsforrecyclingsilkwormcocoonwasteintohighperformancebulletproofmaterials