Loss avoidance during social interactions

Abstract Social interactions lead to outcomes for oneself and others, which can be gains or losses. Yet, it is unclear how exactly people’s social decisions are affected by whether an outcome is above or below zero. We systematically varied whether the outcomes of social dilemmas (Prisoner’s Dilemma...

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Main Authors: Benjamin J. Kuper-Smith, Christoph W. Korn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Psychology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00288-5
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author Benjamin J. Kuper-Smith
Christoph W. Korn
author_facet Benjamin J. Kuper-Smith
Christoph W. Korn
author_sort Benjamin J. Kuper-Smith
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Social interactions lead to outcomes for oneself and others, which can be gains or losses. Yet, it is unclear how exactly people’s social decisions are affected by whether an outcome is above or below zero. We systematically varied whether the outcomes of social dilemmas (Prisoner’s Dilemma, Stag Hunt, Chicken) were gains, losses, or combinations thereof. Across seven experiments (4 preregistered; NOffline = 197, NOnline = 1653), participants tried to avoid losses altogether (loss avoidance), but there was no consistent evidence that they tried to minimize losses (loss aversion). If cooperation avoided losses, people cooperated more; if defection avoided losses, people defected more, even if this imposed a loss on the other person. Our results suggest that cooperation and social interactions can be influenced systematically if the situation allows people to avoid losses.
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spelling doaj-art-4aabd2ee42dd44a48220114bdb668a0a2025-08-20T03:06:04ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Psychology2731-91212025-07-013111010.1038/s44271-025-00288-5Loss avoidance during social interactionsBenjamin J. Kuper-Smith0Christoph W. Korn1Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg UniversitySection Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg UniversityAbstract Social interactions lead to outcomes for oneself and others, which can be gains or losses. Yet, it is unclear how exactly people’s social decisions are affected by whether an outcome is above or below zero. We systematically varied whether the outcomes of social dilemmas (Prisoner’s Dilemma, Stag Hunt, Chicken) were gains, losses, or combinations thereof. Across seven experiments (4 preregistered; NOffline = 197, NOnline = 1653), participants tried to avoid losses altogether (loss avoidance), but there was no consistent evidence that they tried to minimize losses (loss aversion). If cooperation avoided losses, people cooperated more; if defection avoided losses, people defected more, even if this imposed a loss on the other person. Our results suggest that cooperation and social interactions can be influenced systematically if the situation allows people to avoid losses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00288-5
spellingShingle Benjamin J. Kuper-Smith
Christoph W. Korn
Loss avoidance during social interactions
Communications Psychology
title Loss avoidance during social interactions
title_full Loss avoidance during social interactions
title_fullStr Loss avoidance during social interactions
title_full_unstemmed Loss avoidance during social interactions
title_short Loss avoidance during social interactions
title_sort loss avoidance during social interactions
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00288-5
work_keys_str_mv AT benjaminjkupersmith lossavoidanceduringsocialinteractions
AT christophwkorn lossavoidanceduringsocialinteractions