Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves
Abstract The relationship between porous morphology and current-time curves cannot be explained by the field-assisted dissolution theory (FADT). Double-layer structures of porous anodic alumina (PAA) with different pore sizes were obtained by multi-step anodizations. These important results cannot b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06899-6 |
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| author | Pengze Li Liyang Qin Bowen Li Yijing Tang Lianyu Chen Ye Song Xufei Zhu |
| author_facet | Pengze Li Liyang Qin Bowen Li Yijing Tang Lianyu Chen Ye Song Xufei Zhu |
| author_sort | Pengze Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The relationship between porous morphology and current-time curves cannot be explained by the field-assisted dissolution theory (FADT). Double-layer structures of porous anodic alumina (PAA) with different pore sizes were obtained by multi-step anodizations. These important results cannot be interpreted by the traditional FADT theory. Here, based on the theories of ionic current and electronic current, the always controversial growth kinetics of PAA are clarified by the current-time curves. The ionic current under high electric field is the driving force for the rapid growth of oxides, resulting in the decline of the current curve. The electronic current results in the rise of the current curve, and causes oxygen bubble to form the pore embryos. After the electrolyte enters the pore bottom, the thickness of the bottom barrier layer remains unchanged. Therefore, constant electronic current maintains the oxygen evolution and oxygen bubble mold. Constant ionic current maintains the oxide growth around the oxygen bubble mold at the pore bottom, and maintains the upward growth of PAA channel in the viscous flow mode. The field-assisted dissolution rate is much less than the rate of channel growth determined by the total current. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a9f95f2875c4f0793431e2f136f5340 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-4a9f95f2875c4f0793431e2f136f53402025-08-20T03:03:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-06899-6Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curvesPengze Li0Liyang Qin1Bowen Li2Yijing Tang3Lianyu Chen4Ye Song5Xufei Zhu6Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing Police UniversityInternational Elite Engineering School, East China University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyAbstract The relationship between porous morphology and current-time curves cannot be explained by the field-assisted dissolution theory (FADT). Double-layer structures of porous anodic alumina (PAA) with different pore sizes were obtained by multi-step anodizations. These important results cannot be interpreted by the traditional FADT theory. Here, based on the theories of ionic current and electronic current, the always controversial growth kinetics of PAA are clarified by the current-time curves. The ionic current under high electric field is the driving force for the rapid growth of oxides, resulting in the decline of the current curve. The electronic current results in the rise of the current curve, and causes oxygen bubble to form the pore embryos. After the electrolyte enters the pore bottom, the thickness of the bottom barrier layer remains unchanged. Therefore, constant electronic current maintains the oxygen evolution and oxygen bubble mold. Constant ionic current maintains the oxide growth around the oxygen bubble mold at the pore bottom, and maintains the upward growth of PAA channel in the viscous flow mode. The field-assisted dissolution rate is much less than the rate of channel growth determined by the total current.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06899-6AnodizationPorous anodic aluminaFlow modelElectronic currentOxygen bubble mold |
| spellingShingle | Pengze Li Liyang Qin Bowen Li Yijing Tang Lianyu Chen Ye Song Xufei Zhu Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves Scientific Reports Anodization Porous anodic alumina Flow model Electronic current Oxygen bubble mold |
| title | Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves |
| title_full | Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves |
| title_fullStr | Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves |
| title_short | Double-layer PAA with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves |
| title_sort | double layer paa with different pore sizes and its growth kinetics based on anodizing current curves |
| topic | Anodization Porous anodic alumina Flow model Electronic current Oxygen bubble mold |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06899-6 |
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