Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe

Primordial black holes (PBH) can arise in a wide range of scenarios, from inflation to first-order phase transitions. Light PBHs, such as those produced during preheating, in bounce cosmologies, or at the GUT scale, could induce an early matter-dominated phase given a moderate initial abundance. Dur...

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Main Authors: TaeHun Kim, Philip Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Physics Letters B
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325002497
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author TaeHun Kim
Philip Lu
author_facet TaeHun Kim
Philip Lu
author_sort TaeHun Kim
collection DOAJ
description Primordial black holes (PBH) can arise in a wide range of scenarios, from inflation to first-order phase transitions. Light PBHs, such as those produced during preheating, in bounce cosmologies, or at the GUT scale, could induce an early matter-dominated phase given a moderate initial abundance. During the early matter domination, the growth of initial PBH density perturbations can trigger collapse on horizon scales, producing much heavier PBHs. While the remaining original PBHs evaporate and reheat the Universe, these massive reformed PBHs survive for an extended period of time, producing potentially observable signatures at the present. We study this PBH reformation scenario and show that those reformed PBHs can emit significant quantities of γ-rays detectable by the next generation of experiments. The rapid reheating after matter domination generates a coincident stochastic gravitational wave background, which could be within the range of the upcoming CMB-S4 experiment. The PBH reformation scenario provides an intriguing possibility of decoupling the current PBH population and the initial formation mechanism from early Universe physics, while providing opportunities for observation through multi-messenger astronomy.
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spelling doaj-art-4a891886e1e84fb1a4f02f9fa4e2db172025-08-20T03:48:51ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932025-06-0186513948810.1016/j.physletb.2025.139488Primordial black hole reformation in the early UniverseTaeHun Kim0Philip Lu1School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of KoreaCorresponding author.; School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of KoreaPrimordial black holes (PBH) can arise in a wide range of scenarios, from inflation to first-order phase transitions. Light PBHs, such as those produced during preheating, in bounce cosmologies, or at the GUT scale, could induce an early matter-dominated phase given a moderate initial abundance. During the early matter domination, the growth of initial PBH density perturbations can trigger collapse on horizon scales, producing much heavier PBHs. While the remaining original PBHs evaporate and reheat the Universe, these massive reformed PBHs survive for an extended period of time, producing potentially observable signatures at the present. We study this PBH reformation scenario and show that those reformed PBHs can emit significant quantities of γ-rays detectable by the next generation of experiments. The rapid reheating after matter domination generates a coincident stochastic gravitational wave background, which could be within the range of the upcoming CMB-S4 experiment. The PBH reformation scenario provides an intriguing possibility of decoupling the current PBH population and the initial formation mechanism from early Universe physics, while providing opportunities for observation through multi-messenger astronomy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325002497
spellingShingle TaeHun Kim
Philip Lu
Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe
Physics Letters B
title Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe
title_full Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe
title_fullStr Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe
title_full_unstemmed Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe
title_short Primordial black hole reformation in the early Universe
title_sort primordial black hole reformation in the early universe
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325002497
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