Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine
With the escalating global energy demand, the pursuit of sustainable energy sources has become increasingly urgent. Among these, biofuels have gained significant attention for their potential to provide renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Biodiesel is recognized for its diverse and cost-effecti...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025007534 |
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| author | Hariram V Sathishbabu R Godwin John J Nandagopal Kailiappan Vijayakumar K Sangeeth Kumar E Kamakshi Priya K |
| author_facet | Hariram V Sathishbabu R Godwin John J Nandagopal Kailiappan Vijayakumar K Sangeeth Kumar E Kamakshi Priya K |
| author_sort | Hariram V |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the escalating global energy demand, the pursuit of sustainable energy sources has become increasingly urgent. Among these, biofuels have gained significant attention for their potential to provide renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Biodiesel is recognized for its diverse and cost-effective feedstock options. The study provides a novel approach to the production of biodiesel by employing the use of Dunaliella salina microalgae as a green source. The research suggests the blends provide a future solution to less toxic fuel sources, achieving efficiency and minimizing emissions. This research emphasize on the production of biodiesel from Dunaliella salina microalgae, a promising resource due to its high energy yield. The microalgae were cultivated in an f/2 nutrient medium enriched with carbon dioxide, vitamins, and trace metals. A total of 700 mL of bio-oil was extracted using ultrasonication at 50 Hz for 85 minutes. Then, the bio-oil was transesterified in a single-stage, sodium hydroxide-catalysed process with methanol as a solvent. The process yielded a high extraction efficiency of 94 %. The produced biodiesel was characterized through advanced analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and FTIR test studies, confirming its suitability as a fuel. Combustion and emission analyses revealed that the direct substitution of biodiesel blends for diesel in engines significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, although a slight increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions was noted. The combustion and emission characteristics were influenced by blend composition and calorific value. Additionally, the study provides a detailed comparison of the performance of pure diesel, biodiesel blends, and hydrogen-enriched biodiesel in diesel engines, offering valuable insights into their environmental and performance impacts. This study gives additional insights towards future work such as scalability (consisting large scale cultivation of algae for better studies), engine durability (studies on engine wear and tear) and integration with renewable energy sources (integrating renewable sources like solar and wind energies). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a6f0f6a58f94d2b9b4686d506f3a8d1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-4a6f0f6a58f94d2b9b4686d506f3a8d12025-08-20T03:40:51ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610467610.1016/j.rineng.2025.104676Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engineHariram V0Sathishbabu R1Godwin John J2Nandagopal Kailiappan3Vijayakumar K4Sangeeth Kumar E5Kamakshi Priya K6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Mechanical Engineering, VSB College of Engineering Technical Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Department of Food Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Tech., Paiyanur, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Automobile Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of physics, Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IndiaWith the escalating global energy demand, the pursuit of sustainable energy sources has become increasingly urgent. Among these, biofuels have gained significant attention for their potential to provide renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Biodiesel is recognized for its diverse and cost-effective feedstock options. The study provides a novel approach to the production of biodiesel by employing the use of Dunaliella salina microalgae as a green source. The research suggests the blends provide a future solution to less toxic fuel sources, achieving efficiency and minimizing emissions. This research emphasize on the production of biodiesel from Dunaliella salina microalgae, a promising resource due to its high energy yield. The microalgae were cultivated in an f/2 nutrient medium enriched with carbon dioxide, vitamins, and trace metals. A total of 700 mL of bio-oil was extracted using ultrasonication at 50 Hz for 85 minutes. Then, the bio-oil was transesterified in a single-stage, sodium hydroxide-catalysed process with methanol as a solvent. The process yielded a high extraction efficiency of 94 %. The produced biodiesel was characterized through advanced analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and FTIR test studies, confirming its suitability as a fuel. Combustion and emission analyses revealed that the direct substitution of biodiesel blends for diesel in engines significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, although a slight increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions was noted. The combustion and emission characteristics were influenced by blend composition and calorific value. Additionally, the study provides a detailed comparison of the performance of pure diesel, biodiesel blends, and hydrogen-enriched biodiesel in diesel engines, offering valuable insights into their environmental and performance impacts. This study gives additional insights towards future work such as scalability (consisting large scale cultivation of algae for better studies), engine durability (studies on engine wear and tear) and integration with renewable energy sources (integrating renewable sources like solar and wind energies).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025007534BiodieselCombustionDunaliella salinaEmissionHydrogen |
| spellingShingle | Hariram V Sathishbabu R Godwin John J Nandagopal Kailiappan Vijayakumar K Sangeeth Kumar E Kamakshi Priya K Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine Results in Engineering Biodiesel Combustion Dunaliella salina Emission Hydrogen |
| title | Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine |
| title_full | Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine |
| title_short | Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine |
| title_sort | enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel algae biodiesel hydrogen blends in a single cylinder diesel engine |
| topic | Biodiesel Combustion Dunaliella salina Emission Hydrogen |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025007534 |
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