Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints

Deep learning (DL)-based RF fingerprinting (RFFP) technology has emerged as a powerful physical-layer security mechanism, enabling device identification and authentication based on unique device-specific signatures that can be extracted from the received RF signals. However, DL-based RFFP methods fa...

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Main Authors: Abdurrahman Elmaghbub, Bechir Hamdaoui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10640139/
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author Abdurrahman Elmaghbub
Bechir Hamdaoui
author_facet Abdurrahman Elmaghbub
Bechir Hamdaoui
author_sort Abdurrahman Elmaghbub
collection DOAJ
description Deep learning (DL)-based RF fingerprinting (RFFP) technology has emerged as a powerful physical-layer security mechanism, enabling device identification and authentication based on unique device-specific signatures that can be extracted from the received RF signals. However, DL-based RFFP methods face major challenges concerning their ability to adapt to domain (e.g., day/time, location, channel, etc.) changes and variability. This work proposes a novel IQ data representation and feature design, termed Double-Sided Envelope Power Spectrum or <monospace>EPS</monospace>, that is proven to significantly overcome the domain adaptation challenges associated with WiFi transmitter fingerprinting. By accurately capturing device hardware impairments while suppressing irrelevant domain information, <monospace>EPS</monospace> offers improved feature selection for DL models in RFFP. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the integration of <monospace>EPS</monospace> representation with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model, termed <monospace>EPS-CNN</monospace>, achieving over 99% testing accuracy in same-day/channel/location evaluations and 93% accuracy in cross-day evaluations, outperforming the traditional IQ representation. Additionally, <monospace>EPS-CNN</monospace> excels in cross-location evaluations, achieving a 95% accuracy. The proposed representation significantly enhances the robustness and generalizability of DL-based RFFP methods, thereby presenting a transformative solution to IQ data-based device fingerprinting.
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spelling doaj-art-4a58c0f0413247bfb57ef7ed717568652025-08-20T02:04:54ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking2831-316X2024-01-0121404142310.1109/TMLCN.2024.344674310640139Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device FingerprintsAbdurrahman Elmaghbub0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-6056Bechir Hamdaoui1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-4505Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USAOregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USADeep learning (DL)-based RF fingerprinting (RFFP) technology has emerged as a powerful physical-layer security mechanism, enabling device identification and authentication based on unique device-specific signatures that can be extracted from the received RF signals. However, DL-based RFFP methods face major challenges concerning their ability to adapt to domain (e.g., day/time, location, channel, etc.) changes and variability. This work proposes a novel IQ data representation and feature design, termed Double-Sided Envelope Power Spectrum or <monospace>EPS</monospace>, that is proven to significantly overcome the domain adaptation challenges associated with WiFi transmitter fingerprinting. By accurately capturing device hardware impairments while suppressing irrelevant domain information, <monospace>EPS</monospace> offers improved feature selection for DL models in RFFP. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the integration of <monospace>EPS</monospace> representation with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model, termed <monospace>EPS-CNN</monospace>, achieving over 99% testing accuracy in same-day/channel/location evaluations and 93% accuracy in cross-day evaluations, outperforming the traditional IQ representation. Additionally, <monospace>EPS-CNN</monospace> excels in cross-location evaluations, achieving a 95% accuracy. The proposed representation significantly enhances the robustness and generalizability of DL-based RFFP methods, thereby presenting a transformative solution to IQ data-based device fingerprinting.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10640139/RF/device fingerprintingdomain adaptationRF datasetsdeep learning feature designoscillatorsRF data representation
spellingShingle Abdurrahman Elmaghbub
Bechir Hamdaoui
Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints
IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking
RF/device fingerprinting
domain adaptation
RF datasets
deep learning feature design
oscillators
RF data representation
title Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints
title_full Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints
title_fullStr Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints
title_full_unstemmed Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints
title_short Distinguishable IQ Feature Representation for Domain-Adaptation Learning of WiFi Device Fingerprints
title_sort distinguishable iq feature representation for domain adaptation learning of wifi device fingerprints
topic RF/device fingerprinting
domain adaptation
RF datasets
deep learning feature design
oscillators
RF data representation
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10640139/
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AT bechirhamdaoui distinguishableiqfeaturerepresentationfordomainadaptationlearningofwifidevicefingerprints