Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain
Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with trunk and lower extremity muscle weakness. Kneeling squat (KS) is a hip-focused exercise commonly used in the activities of daily living. However, research on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity across movement phases (ascending, hold...
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Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Physical Therapy Korea |
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| author | Yusung Park Sae-hwa Kim Ji-hyun Lee Heon-seock Cynn |
| author_facet | Yusung Park Sae-hwa Kim Ji-hyun Lee Heon-seock Cynn |
| author_sort | Yusung Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with trunk and lower extremity muscle weakness. Kneeling squat (KS) is a hip-focused exercise commonly used in the activities of daily living. However, research on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity across movement phases (ascending, holding, and descending) during KS remains limited and warrants further investigation.
Objects: To determine the muscle activity of transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), erector spinae, gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), rectus femoris (RF) in the contraction phases of KS in individuals with CLBP.
Methods: Surface electromyography data were recorded during KS across the ascending, holding, and descending phases on the side with CLBP. A 60-bit metronome was used to control the exercise speed.
Results: The muscle activity of the TrA/IO was significantly higher during the holding phase than during the ascending and descending phases. The Gmax and Gmed were significantly higher during the holding phase than during the descending phase, whereas, RF was significantly higher during the ascending phase than during the holding and descending phases.
Conclusion: The holding phase of KS may be recommended as a trunk and lower extremity exercise to increase in TrA/IO, Gmax, and Gmed muscle activity. Additionally, the ascending phase activates RF muscle in individuals with CLBP. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a4fc9ba678747b3a5f1bab77a788c5a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1225-8962 2287-982X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Therapy Korea |
| spelling | doaj-art-4a4fc9ba678747b3a5f1bab77a788c5a2025-08-20T02:26:51ZengKorean Research Society of Physical TherapyPhysical Therapy Korea1225-89622287-982X2025-04-01321283610.12674/ptk.2025.32.1.28Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back PainYusung Park0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-8214Sae-hwa Kim1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9821-5021Ji-hyun Lee2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-5485Heon-seock Cynn3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-2371Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, KoreaApplied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan, KoreaApplied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, KoreaBackground: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with trunk and lower extremity muscle weakness. Kneeling squat (KS) is a hip-focused exercise commonly used in the activities of daily living. However, research on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity across movement phases (ascending, holding, and descending) during KS remains limited and warrants further investigation. Objects: To determine the muscle activity of transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), erector spinae, gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), rectus femoris (RF) in the contraction phases of KS in individuals with CLBP. Methods: Surface electromyography data were recorded during KS across the ascending, holding, and descending phases on the side with CLBP. A 60-bit metronome was used to control the exercise speed. Results: The muscle activity of the TrA/IO was significantly higher during the holding phase than during the ascending and descending phases. The Gmax and Gmed were significantly higher during the holding phase than during the descending phase, whereas, RF was significantly higher during the ascending phase than during the holding and descending phases. Conclusion: The holding phase of KS may be recommended as a trunk and lower extremity exercise to increase in TrA/IO, Gmax, and Gmed muscle activity. Additionally, the ascending phase activates RF muscle in individuals with CLBP.electromyographyexercisekneeling squatlow back pain |
| spellingShingle | Yusung Park Sae-hwa Kim Ji-hyun Lee Heon-seock Cynn Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain Physical Therapy Korea electromyography exercise kneeling squat low back pain |
| title | Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain |
| title_full | Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain |
| title_short | Comparison of Contraction Phase of Trunk and Lower Extremities Muscle Activity During Kneeling Squat in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain |
| title_sort | comparison of contraction phase of trunk and lower extremities muscle activity during kneeling squat in individuals with chronic low back pain |
| topic | electromyography exercise kneeling squat low back pain |
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