Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa

The volume variability and the hydrological functioning of the thousands of lakes in the Sahelian region are poorly known. The recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission carrying a wide-swath <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$</tex-math&...

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Main Authors: Felix Girard, Laurent Kergoat, Ibrahim Mainassara, Maxime Wubda, Edwige Dayangnewende Nikiema, Amadou Abdourhamane Toure, Julien Renou, Maxime Vayre, Nicolas Taburet, Nicolas Picot, Manuela Grippa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11006264/
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author Felix Girard
Laurent Kergoat
Ibrahim Mainassara
Maxime Wubda
Edwige Dayangnewende Nikiema
Amadou Abdourhamane Toure
Julien Renou
Maxime Vayre
Nicolas Taburet
Nicolas Picot
Manuela Grippa
author_facet Felix Girard
Laurent Kergoat
Ibrahim Mainassara
Maxime Wubda
Edwige Dayangnewende Nikiema
Amadou Abdourhamane Toure
Julien Renou
Maxime Vayre
Nicolas Taburet
Nicolas Picot
Manuela Grippa
author_sort Felix Girard
collection DOAJ
description The volume variability and the hydrological functioning of the thousands of lakes in the Sahelian region are poorly known. The recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission carrying a wide-swath <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band radar interferometer offers new opportunities for large-scale monitoring of lake dynamics, and overcomes the spatial coverage limitations of the nadir altimeters. Here, we evaluate the performance of two SWOT data products, namely the PIXel Cloud (PIXC) and the lake single pass (LakeSP), over 16 small and medium-sized lakes in the Central Sahel. For both products, water surface elevations (WSEs) are in excellent agreement with in situ data on two lakes, with 1-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$</tex-math></inline-formula> errors (68th percentile of absolute errors) between 0.06 and 0.11 m, consistently with the mission science requirements. When compared to Sentinel-3 WSE, the PIXC product shows better results than LakeSP, with 1-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$</tex-math></inline-formula> differences of 0.16 m and 0.32 m, respectively. SWOT LakeSP water surface area (WSA) estimates show a general overestimation with a median bias of 17.2% compared to Sentinel-2 measurements. SWOT pixel classification errors are found to affect both products, especially for LakeSP. Elevation-area relationships derived from combined SWOT PIXC and Sentinel-2 compare well with in situ (root mean square errors below 0.28 m), highlighting the capabilities of SWOT for monitoring lake volume changes once complemented by external water masks. Finally, annual water level amplitude estimates of more than 600 lakes of different sizes are derived using SWOT PIXC, emphasizing the spatial coverage potential of SWOT.
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spelling doaj-art-4a4de1725eeb4f6fafc4f258ec56a1602025-08-20T02:10:17ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352025-01-0118148551486910.1109/JSTARS.2025.357085911006264Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West AfricaFelix Girard0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-1155Laurent Kergoat1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1792-8473Ibrahim Mainassara2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-867XMaxime Wubda3Edwige Dayangnewende Nikiema4Amadou Abdourhamane Toure5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-5371Julien Renou6Maxime Vayre7Nicolas Taburet8https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6260-3402Nicolas Picot9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-7660Manuela Grippa10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4889-7975G&#x00E9;osciences Environnement Toulouse (Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceG&#x00E9;osciences Environnement Toulouse (Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceHydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, FranceUniversit&#x00E9; Joseph Ki-Zerbo, UFR-SVT/DST, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoLERMIT, Universit&#x00E9; Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoFacult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Universit&#x00E9; Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, NigerFacult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Facult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, FranceFacult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Facult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, FranceFacult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Facult&#x00E9; des Sciences et Techniques, D&#x00E9;partement de G&#x00E9;ologie, Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, FranceCentre National d&#x2019;Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, FranceG&#x00E9;osciences Environnement Toulouse (Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceThe volume variability and the hydrological functioning of the thousands of lakes in the Sahelian region are poorly known. The recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission carrying a wide-swath <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band radar interferometer offers new opportunities for large-scale monitoring of lake dynamics, and overcomes the spatial coverage limitations of the nadir altimeters. Here, we evaluate the performance of two SWOT data products, namely the PIXel Cloud (PIXC) and the lake single pass (LakeSP), over 16 small and medium-sized lakes in the Central Sahel. For both products, water surface elevations (WSEs) are in excellent agreement with in situ data on two lakes, with 1-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$</tex-math></inline-formula> errors (68th percentile of absolute errors) between 0.06 and 0.11 m, consistently with the mission science requirements. When compared to Sentinel-3 WSE, the PIXC product shows better results than LakeSP, with 1-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$</tex-math></inline-formula> differences of 0.16 m and 0.32 m, respectively. SWOT LakeSP water surface area (WSA) estimates show a general overestimation with a median bias of 17.2% compared to Sentinel-2 measurements. SWOT pixel classification errors are found to affect both products, especially for LakeSP. Elevation-area relationships derived from combined SWOT PIXC and Sentinel-2 compare well with in situ (root mean square errors below 0.28 m), highlighting the capabilities of SWOT for monitoring lake volume changes once complemented by external water masks. Finally, annual water level amplitude estimates of more than 600 lakes of different sizes are derived using SWOT PIXC, emphasizing the spatial coverage potential of SWOT.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11006264/Africaaltimetrylakesreservoirssurface water and ocean topography (SWOT)satellite applications
spellingShingle Felix Girard
Laurent Kergoat
Ibrahim Mainassara
Maxime Wubda
Edwige Dayangnewende Nikiema
Amadou Abdourhamane Toure
Julien Renou
Maxime Vayre
Nicolas Taburet
Nicolas Picot
Manuela Grippa
Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Africa
altimetry
lakes
reservoirs
surface water and ocean topography (SWOT)
satellite applications
title Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa
title_full Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa
title_fullStr Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa
title_full_unstemmed Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa
title_short Performance of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Monitoring Small Lakes in West Africa
title_sort performance of the surface water and ocean topography swot mission for monitoring small lakes in west africa
topic Africa
altimetry
lakes
reservoirs
surface water and ocean topography (SWOT)
satellite applications
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11006264/
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