Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model

Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disease with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, its pathogenic mechanisms were investigated through bioinformatics analysis of migraine-related pathways and key genes. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control and migraine model group...

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Main Authors: Qiao-Wen Chen, Run-Tian Meng, Chih-Yuan Ko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/241
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author Qiao-Wen Chen
Run-Tian Meng
Chih-Yuan Ko
author_facet Qiao-Wen Chen
Run-Tian Meng
Chih-Yuan Ko
author_sort Qiao-Wen Chen
collection DOAJ
description Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disease with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, its pathogenic mechanisms were investigated through bioinformatics analysis of migraine-related pathways and key genes. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control and migraine model groups. The control group received saline, while the migraine model group received nitroglycerin (NTG) to induce migraines over four weeks. Migraine-like behaviors were assessed within two hours following the final NTG injection. Genes of hypothalamus were identified using DESeq2. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted, followed by the identification of hub genes based on protein interaction networks by using algorithms such as Closeness, Degree, and Maximum Neighborhood Component. Rats with NTG-induced migraine showed increased head scratching and cage climbing and a reduced sucrose preference. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1564 differentially expressed genes, with 1233 upregulated and 331 downregulated. Pathways linked to inflammation, PI3K–Akt signaling, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions were found to have enriched expression of several genes. Further protein interaction network analysis identified nine hub genes: <i>Alb</i>, <i>Tgfb1</i>, <i>Cd4</i>, <i>Ptprc</i>, <i>Itgb1</i>, <i>Icam1</i>, <i>Col1a1</i>, <i>Pxdn</i>, and <i>Itgad</i>. These findings suggest that migraine involves PI3K–Akt signaling and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, providing insights into molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. However, the study was limited by a small sample size and reliance on a single experimental model, which may constrain the clinical applicability of the findings.
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spelling doaj-art-4a4ae4a6862a4e0fb15606a8660c9e7f2025-08-20T02:28:19ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-03-0147424110.3390/cimb47040241Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat ModelQiao-Wen Chen0Run-Tian Meng1Chih-Yuan Ko2The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, ChinaThe School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, ChinaMigraine is a chronic neurovascular disease with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, its pathogenic mechanisms were investigated through bioinformatics analysis of migraine-related pathways and key genes. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control and migraine model groups. The control group received saline, while the migraine model group received nitroglycerin (NTG) to induce migraines over four weeks. Migraine-like behaviors were assessed within two hours following the final NTG injection. Genes of hypothalamus were identified using DESeq2. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted, followed by the identification of hub genes based on protein interaction networks by using algorithms such as Closeness, Degree, and Maximum Neighborhood Component. Rats with NTG-induced migraine showed increased head scratching and cage climbing and a reduced sucrose preference. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1564 differentially expressed genes, with 1233 upregulated and 331 downregulated. Pathways linked to inflammation, PI3K–Akt signaling, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions were found to have enriched expression of several genes. Further protein interaction network analysis identified nine hub genes: <i>Alb</i>, <i>Tgfb1</i>, <i>Cd4</i>, <i>Ptprc</i>, <i>Itgb1</i>, <i>Icam1</i>, <i>Col1a1</i>, <i>Pxdn</i>, and <i>Itgad</i>. These findings suggest that migraine involves PI3K–Akt signaling and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, providing insights into molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. However, the study was limited by a small sample size and reliance on a single experimental model, which may constrain the clinical applicability of the findings.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/241migrainehypothalamustranscriptomicsPI3K–AktRNA-seq
spellingShingle Qiao-Wen Chen
Run-Tian Meng
Chih-Yuan Ko
Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model
Current Issues in Molecular Biology
migraine
hypothalamus
transcriptomics
PI3K–Akt
RNA-seq
title Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model
title_full Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model
title_fullStr Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model
title_short Exploring Migraine Pathogenesis: Transcriptomic Insights and Pathway Analysis in Nitroglycerin-Induced Rat Model
title_sort exploring migraine pathogenesis transcriptomic insights and pathway analysis in nitroglycerin induced rat model
topic migraine
hypothalamus
transcriptomics
PI3K–Akt
RNA-seq
url https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/241
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AT runtianmeng exploringmigrainepathogenesistranscriptomicinsightsandpathwayanalysisinnitroglycerininducedratmodel
AT chihyuanko exploringmigrainepathogenesistranscriptomicinsightsandpathwayanalysisinnitroglycerininducedratmodel