Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study
Abstract Artificial flooding of rainwater is most common in urban areas due to various reasons, such as improper drainage systems, obstruction of natural drainage by building constructions, and encroachment of stormwater nallahs. Flash floods lead to significant losses, disrupt transportation, and c...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12439-z |
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| author | Shaz P. Muhammed B. R. K. Holla K. Balakrishna Anish Kumar Warrier |
| author_facet | Shaz P. Muhammed B. R. K. Holla K. Balakrishna Anish Kumar Warrier |
| author_sort | Shaz P. Muhammed |
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| description | Abstract Artificial flooding of rainwater is most common in urban areas due to various reasons, such as improper drainage systems, obstruction of natural drainage by building constructions, and encroachment of stormwater nallahs. Flash floods lead to significant losses, disrupt transportation, and cause inconvenience to the public. Udupi, characterized by its porous lateritic strata, undulating topography, and proximity to the sea, experiences artificial flooding during the peak monsoon season in its low-lying areas, primarily due to the overflow of the Indrani River, which is also a potential water resource for Udupi, Karnataka. Currently, the river faces significant challenges due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Revitalizing the Indrani River offers numerous benefits, including its potential use as a drinking water source during periods of water scarcity. This study aims to propose flood and stormwater management measures for the river catchment and to evaluate selected water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity) at fifteen strategic locations along the river course. Higher conductivity observed at downstream stations is attributed to sewage discharge from urban settlements and a sewage treatment plant. The study suggests short-term measures such as targeted clean-up operations and stricter enforcement of pollution control regulations. Additionally, it recommends long-term strategies, including the development of a comprehensive river basin management plan, community engagement initiatives, and improvements to wastewater treatment infrastructure. To maintain the health of the Indrani River, this research emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and the implementation of integrated management practices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a35ee5bae604fff909496563b84380e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4a35ee5bae604fff909496563b84380e2025-08-24T11:28:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-12439-zDeveloping rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case studyShaz P. Muhammed0B. R. K. Holla1K. Balakrishna2Anish Kumar Warrier3Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationCentre for Smart Coastal Sustainability, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationCentre for Climate Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAbstract Artificial flooding of rainwater is most common in urban areas due to various reasons, such as improper drainage systems, obstruction of natural drainage by building constructions, and encroachment of stormwater nallahs. Flash floods lead to significant losses, disrupt transportation, and cause inconvenience to the public. Udupi, characterized by its porous lateritic strata, undulating topography, and proximity to the sea, experiences artificial flooding during the peak monsoon season in its low-lying areas, primarily due to the overflow of the Indrani River, which is also a potential water resource for Udupi, Karnataka. Currently, the river faces significant challenges due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Revitalizing the Indrani River offers numerous benefits, including its potential use as a drinking water source during periods of water scarcity. This study aims to propose flood and stormwater management measures for the river catchment and to evaluate selected water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity) at fifteen strategic locations along the river course. Higher conductivity observed at downstream stations is attributed to sewage discharge from urban settlements and a sewage treatment plant. The study suggests short-term measures such as targeted clean-up operations and stricter enforcement of pollution control regulations. Additionally, it recommends long-term strategies, including the development of a comprehensive river basin management plan, community engagement initiatives, and improvements to wastewater treatment infrastructure. To maintain the health of the Indrani River, this research emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and the implementation of integrated management practices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12439-zArtificial floodingRejuvenation strategiesWater quality assessmentPollutionWaste management practices |
| spellingShingle | Shaz P. Muhammed B. R. K. Holla K. Balakrishna Anish Kumar Warrier Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study Scientific Reports Artificial flooding Rejuvenation strategies Water quality assessment Pollution Waste management practices |
| title | Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study |
| title_full | Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study |
| title_fullStr | Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study |
| title_short | Developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for Indrani River: a case study |
| title_sort | developing rejuvenation strategies and artificial flood mitigation plans for indrani river a case study |
| topic | Artificial flooding Rejuvenation strategies Water quality assessment Pollution Waste management practices |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12439-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shazpmuhammed developingrejuvenationstrategiesandartificialfloodmitigationplansforindraniriveracasestudy AT brkholla developingrejuvenationstrategiesandartificialfloodmitigationplansforindraniriveracasestudy AT kbalakrishna developingrejuvenationstrategiesandartificialfloodmitigationplansforindraniriveracasestudy AT anishkumarwarrier developingrejuvenationstrategiesandartificialfloodmitigationplansforindraniriveracasestudy |