Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, and their transplantation has achieved good efficacy in a variety of diseases. However, only 1%–10% of transplanted NSCs survive in the ischemic and hypoxic microenvironment of posthemorrhagic hydrocep...

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Main Authors: Baocheng Gao, Haoxiang Wang, Shuang Hu, Kunhong Zhong, Xiaoyin Liu, Ziang Deng, Yuanyou Li, Aiping Tong, Liangxue Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2026-02-01
Series:Neural Regeneration Research
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491
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author Baocheng Gao
Haoxiang Wang
Shuang Hu
Kunhong Zhong
Xiaoyin Liu
Ziang Deng
Yuanyou Li
Aiping Tong
Liangxue Zhou
author_facet Baocheng Gao
Haoxiang Wang
Shuang Hu
Kunhong Zhong
Xiaoyin Liu
Ziang Deng
Yuanyou Li
Aiping Tong
Liangxue Zhou
author_sort Baocheng Gao
collection DOAJ
description Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, and their transplantation has achieved good efficacy in a variety of diseases. However, only 1%–10% of transplanted NSCs survive in the ischemic and hypoxic microenvironment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Sox2 is an important factor for NSCs to maintain proliferation. Therefore, Sox2-overexpressing NSCs (NSCSox2) may be more successful in improving neurological dysfunction after posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. In this study, human NSCSox2 was transplanted into a posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus mouse model, and retinoic acid was administered to further promote NSC differentiation. The results showed that NSCSox2 attenuated the ventricular enlargement caused by posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and improved neurological function. NSCSox2 also promoted nerve regeneration, inhibited neuroinflammation and promoted M2 polarization (anti-inflammatory phenotype), thereby reducing cerebrospinal fluid secretion in choroid plexus. These findings suggest that NSCSox2 rescued ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction induced by posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus through neural regeneration and modulation of inflammation.
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institution DOAJ
issn 1673-5374
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publishDate 2026-02-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Neural Regeneration Research
spelling doaj-art-4a2e027aba8e49918596bab5c54d98e02025-08-20T03:07:28ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53741876-79582026-02-0121276977910.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalusBaocheng GaoHaoxiang WangShuang HuKunhong ZhongXiaoyin LiuZiang DengYuanyou LiAiping TongLiangxue ZhouNeural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, and their transplantation has achieved good efficacy in a variety of diseases. However, only 1%–10% of transplanted NSCs survive in the ischemic and hypoxic microenvironment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Sox2 is an important factor for NSCs to maintain proliferation. Therefore, Sox2-overexpressing NSCs (NSCSox2) may be more successful in improving neurological dysfunction after posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. In this study, human NSCSox2 was transplanted into a posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus mouse model, and retinoic acid was administered to further promote NSC differentiation. The results showed that NSCSox2 attenuated the ventricular enlargement caused by posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and improved neurological function. NSCSox2 also promoted nerve regeneration, inhibited neuroinflammation and promoted M2 polarization (anti-inflammatory phenotype), thereby reducing cerebrospinal fluid secretion in choroid plexus. These findings suggest that NSCSox2 rescued ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction induced by posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus through neural regeneration and modulation of inflammation.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491angiogenesiscerebrospinal fluidhippocampal transplantationinflammationmicroglianeural stem cellsneurogenesisposthemorrhagic hydrocephalusretinoic acidsox2
spellingShingle Baocheng Gao
Haoxiang Wang
Shuang Hu
Kunhong Zhong
Xiaoyin Liu
Ziang Deng
Yuanyou Li
Aiping Tong
Liangxue Zhou
Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
Neural Regeneration Research
angiogenesis
cerebrospinal fluid
hippocampal transplantation
inflammation
microglia
neural stem cells
neurogenesis
posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
retinoic acid
sox2
title Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
title_full Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
title_fullStr Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
title_full_unstemmed Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
title_short Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
title_sort sox2 overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
topic angiogenesis
cerebrospinal fluid
hippocampal transplantation
inflammation
microglia
neural stem cells
neurogenesis
posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
retinoic acid
sox2
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491
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