Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, represent a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy, but their efficacy varies notably between individuals, influenced by complex biological systems. Recent evidence suggests that sex-related biological differences play a pivotal ro...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1513 |
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| author | Sonja Cotra Mohammad Kohandel Michelle Przedborski |
| author_facet | Sonja Cotra Mohammad Kohandel Michelle Przedborski |
| author_sort | Sonja Cotra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, represent a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy, but their efficacy varies notably between individuals, influenced by complex biological systems. Recent evidence suggests that sex-related biological differences play a pivotal role in modulating these responses. This study uses a systems biology approach to examine how sex-specific differences in the immune system contribute to variability in the response to treatment. Our model extends previous frameworks by incorporating sex-specific parameters that reflect observed immunological distinctions. The results from the simulation studies align with our clinical observations, showing that on average, males exhibit a more robust response to anti-PD-1 treatment compared to females. Additionally, this study explores the potential of combination therapy with recombinant IL-12, revealing sex-specific differences in treatment efficacy. These findings underscore the need for personalized immunotherapy strategies that consider individual immunological profiles, including sex, to optimize treatment outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a2dfb3045a1472592661fb5fa7725f2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-4a2dfb3045a1472592661fb5fa7725f22025-08-20T02:00:56ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-11-011412151310.3390/biom14121513Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 ImmunotherapySonja Cotra0Mohammad Kohandel1Michelle Przedborski2Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaImmune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, represent a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy, but their efficacy varies notably between individuals, influenced by complex biological systems. Recent evidence suggests that sex-related biological differences play a pivotal role in modulating these responses. This study uses a systems biology approach to examine how sex-specific differences in the immune system contribute to variability in the response to treatment. Our model extends previous frameworks by incorporating sex-specific parameters that reflect observed immunological distinctions. The results from the simulation studies align with our clinical observations, showing that on average, males exhibit a more robust response to anti-PD-1 treatment compared to females. Additionally, this study explores the potential of combination therapy with recombinant IL-12, revealing sex-specific differences in treatment efficacy. These findings underscore the need for personalized immunotherapy strategies that consider individual immunological profiles, including sex, to optimize treatment outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1513systems biologyimmune checkpoint inhibitorssex-specific differencespersonalized immunotherapyanti-PD-1 immunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Sonja Cotra Mohammad Kohandel Michelle Przedborski Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Biomolecules systems biology immune checkpoint inhibitors sex-specific differences personalized immunotherapy anti-PD-1 immunotherapy |
| title | Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Sex-Related Differences in the Immune System Drive Differential Responses to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | sex related differences in the immune system drive differential responses to anti pd 1 immunotherapy |
| topic | systems biology immune checkpoint inhibitors sex-specific differences personalized immunotherapy anti-PD-1 immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1513 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sonjacotra sexrelateddifferencesintheimmunesystemdrivedifferentialresponsestoantipd1immunotherapy AT mohammadkohandel sexrelateddifferencesintheimmunesystemdrivedifferentialresponsestoantipd1immunotherapy AT michelleprzedborski sexrelateddifferencesintheimmunesystemdrivedifferentialresponsestoantipd1immunotherapy |