Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow
A portable mass spectrometer (PMS) was combined with a mesoporous silica material (SBA-15) coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow to develop a rapid, easy-to-operate and sensitive method for detecting five veterinary drugs—amantadine, thiabendazole, sulfamethazine, clenbuterol, and ractopam...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/20/3337 |
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| author | Hangzhen Lan Xueying Li Zhen Wu Daodong Pan Ning Gan Luhong Wen |
| author_facet | Hangzhen Lan Xueying Li Zhen Wu Daodong Pan Ning Gan Luhong Wen |
| author_sort | Hangzhen Lan |
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| description | A portable mass spectrometer (PMS) was combined with a mesoporous silica material (SBA-15) coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow to develop a rapid, easy-to-operate and sensitive method for detecting five veterinary drugs—amantadine, thiabendazole, sulfamethazine, clenbuterol, and ractopamine—in milk and chicken samples. Equipped with a pulsed direct current electrospray ionization source and a hyperboloid linear ion trap, the PMS can simultaneously detect all five analytes in approximately 30 s using a one-microliter sample. Unlike traditional large-scale instruments, this method shows great potential for on-site detection with no need for chromatographic pre-separation and minimal sample preparation. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow, fabricated via electrospinning, demonstrated superior extraction efficiency compared to commercially available SPME Arrows. Optimization of the coating preparation conditions and SPME procedures was conducted to enhance the extraction efficiency of the SBA-15-SPME Arrow. The extraction and desorption processes were optimized to require only 15 and 30 min, respectively. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow–PMS method showed high precision and sensitivity, with detection limits and quantitation limits of 2.8–9.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 10–28 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in milk. The LOD and LOQ ranged from 3.5 to 11.7 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 12 to 35 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in chicken. The method sensitivity meets the requirements of domestic and international regulations. This method was successfully applied to detect the five analytes in milk and chicken samples, with recoveries ranging from 85% to 116%. This approach represents a significant advancement in food safety by facilitating rapid, in-field monitoring of veterinary drug residues. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a2b0d47440c4d3696b4b41ec2c3b21f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-4a2b0d47440c4d3696b4b41ec2c3b21f2025-08-20T02:11:04ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-10-011320333710.3390/foods13203337Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction ArrowHangzhen Lan0Xueying Li1Zhen Wu2Daodong Pan3Ning Gan4Luhong Wen5State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, ChinaSchool of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaChina Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, ChinaA portable mass spectrometer (PMS) was combined with a mesoporous silica material (SBA-15) coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow to develop a rapid, easy-to-operate and sensitive method for detecting five veterinary drugs—amantadine, thiabendazole, sulfamethazine, clenbuterol, and ractopamine—in milk and chicken samples. Equipped with a pulsed direct current electrospray ionization source and a hyperboloid linear ion trap, the PMS can simultaneously detect all five analytes in approximately 30 s using a one-microliter sample. Unlike traditional large-scale instruments, this method shows great potential for on-site detection with no need for chromatographic pre-separation and minimal sample preparation. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow, fabricated via electrospinning, demonstrated superior extraction efficiency compared to commercially available SPME Arrows. Optimization of the coating preparation conditions and SPME procedures was conducted to enhance the extraction efficiency of the SBA-15-SPME Arrow. The extraction and desorption processes were optimized to require only 15 and 30 min, respectively. The SBA-15-SPME Arrow–PMS method showed high precision and sensitivity, with detection limits and quantitation limits of 2.8–9.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 10–28 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in milk. The LOD and LOQ ranged from 3.5 to 11.7 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 12 to 35 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in chicken. The method sensitivity meets the requirements of domestic and international regulations. This method was successfully applied to detect the five analytes in milk and chicken samples, with recoveries ranging from 85% to 116%. This approach represents a significant advancement in food safety by facilitating rapid, in-field monitoring of veterinary drug residues.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/20/3337portable mass spectrometersolid-phase microextraction arrowon-site detectionmesoporous silica SBA-15veterinary drug residues |
| spellingShingle | Hangzhen Lan Xueying Li Zhen Wu Daodong Pan Ning Gan Luhong Wen Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow Foods portable mass spectrometer solid-phase microextraction arrow on-site detection mesoporous silica SBA-15 veterinary drug residues |
| title | Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow |
| title_full | Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow |
| title_short | Detection of Veterinary Drugs in Food Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow |
| title_sort | detection of veterinary drugs in food using a portable mass spectrometer coupled with solid phase microextraction arrow |
| topic | portable mass spectrometer solid-phase microextraction arrow on-site detection mesoporous silica SBA-15 veterinary drug residues |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/20/3337 |
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