Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California

Root-knot nematodes were discovered in severely declining creeping bentgrass putting greens at a golf course in Indian Wells, Riverside County, California. The exhibited disease symptoms included chlorosis, stunted growth, and dieback. Based on morphological examination and measurements of J2 female...

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Main Authors: Ploeg A. T., Witte H., Subbotin S. A., Tandingan De Ley I., Smith Becker J., Becker J. O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sciendo 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Nematology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0046
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author Ploeg A. T.
Witte H.
Subbotin S. A.
Tandingan De Ley I.
Smith Becker J.
Becker J. O.
author_facet Ploeg A. T.
Witte H.
Subbotin S. A.
Tandingan De Ley I.
Smith Becker J.
Becker J. O.
author_sort Ploeg A. T.
collection DOAJ
description Root-knot nematodes were discovered in severely declining creeping bentgrass putting greens at a golf course in Indian Wells, Riverside County, California. The exhibited disease symptoms included chlorosis, stunted growth, and dieback. Based on morphological examination and measurements of J2 females and males, it was suggested that the causal pathogen was Meloidogyne marylandi. This identification was confirmed by analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and COI gene sequences. The host status of 28 plant species was evaluated in greenhouse trials. All tested monocots, except rye and Allium species, were found to be hosts, while no reproduction occurred on dicots. Temperature-tank experiments helped determine that the life cycle of M. marylandi was completed between 17–35 °C, with a base temperature of 8.3 °C and a required heat sum of 493 degree-days (DD). In greenhouse trials in pasteurized soil and near-ideal growing conditions, M. marylandi did not cause significant growth reduction of creeping bentgrass cv. Penn A-4, even at very high J2 inoculation densities. It is highly probable that other biotic and abiotic factors contributed to the observed putting green damage.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2640-396X
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Sciendo
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series Journal of Nematology
spelling doaj-art-4a08fe32251a49daa80120da8b0cfcdb2025-08-20T02:23:39ZengSciendoJournal of Nematology2640-396X2024-11-01561495210.2478/jofnem-2024-0046Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern CaliforniaPloeg A. T.0Witte H.1Subbotin S. A.2Tandingan De Ley I.3Smith Becker J.4Becker J. O.5Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA92521Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA92521Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CADepartment of Nematology, University of California Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA92521Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA92521Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA92521Root-knot nematodes were discovered in severely declining creeping bentgrass putting greens at a golf course in Indian Wells, Riverside County, California. The exhibited disease symptoms included chlorosis, stunted growth, and dieback. Based on morphological examination and measurements of J2 females and males, it was suggested that the causal pathogen was Meloidogyne marylandi. This identification was confirmed by analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and COI gene sequences. The host status of 28 plant species was evaluated in greenhouse trials. All tested monocots, except rye and Allium species, were found to be hosts, while no reproduction occurred on dicots. Temperature-tank experiments helped determine that the life cycle of M. marylandi was completed between 17–35 °C, with a base temperature of 8.3 °C and a required heat sum of 493 degree-days (DD). In greenhouse trials in pasteurized soil and near-ideal growing conditions, M. marylandi did not cause significant growth reduction of creeping bentgrass cv. Penn A-4, even at very high J2 inoculation densities. It is highly probable that other biotic and abiotic factors contributed to the observed putting green damage.https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0046agrostis stoloniferacreeping bentgrassgolf coursehost rangemeloidogyne marylandinematode-degree daysmorphologymolecular identificationroot-knot nematodesturfgrass
spellingShingle Ploeg A. T.
Witte H.
Subbotin S. A.
Tandingan De Ley I.
Smith Becker J.
Becker J. O.
Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California
Journal of Nematology
agrostis stolonifera
creeping bentgrass
golf course
host range
meloidogyne marylandi
nematode-degree days
morphology
molecular identification
root-knot nematodes
turfgrass
title Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California
title_full Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California
title_fullStr Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California
title_full_unstemmed Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California
title_short Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California
title_sort meloidogyne marylandi is involved in but not the primary cause of creeping bentgrass decline of putting greens in southern california
topic agrostis stolonifera
creeping bentgrass
golf course
host range
meloidogyne marylandi
nematode-degree days
morphology
molecular identification
root-knot nematodes
turfgrass
url https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0046
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