Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland

In this paper, we revisit the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in western Scotland and the links between early European farmers and middens in light of new aDNA, radiocarbon, and stable isotopic evidence. New carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data for food sources (plant and animal remains) from a...

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Main Authors: Catriona Pickard, Elizabeth Greenberg, Emma Smith, Andy Barlow, Clive Bonsall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Humans
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9461/5/1/8
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author Catriona Pickard
Elizabeth Greenberg
Emma Smith
Andy Barlow
Clive Bonsall
author_facet Catriona Pickard
Elizabeth Greenberg
Emma Smith
Andy Barlow
Clive Bonsall
author_sort Catriona Pickard
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, we revisit the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in western Scotland and the links between early European farmers and middens in light of new aDNA, radiocarbon, and stable isotopic evidence. New carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data for food sources (plant and animal remains) from a Mesolithic site are presented, and dietary FRUITS models are recalculated based on these data. We also respond to recent criticisms of the Bayesian approach to diet reconstruction. Results support the view that Neolithic people had at most a minimal contribution of marine foods in their diet and also point to a dual population model of transition in western Scotland. A significant aspect of the transition in coastal western Scotland is the co-occurrence of Neolithic human remains with shell-midden deposits, which appears to contradict stable isotopic evidence indicating a minimal contribution of marine resources to the diet of early farming communities in the region. Finally, we highlight the need for further research to fully address these issues, including (1) targeted isotopic analyses of potential plant and animal resources, (2) single-entity radiocarbon and ZooMS analyses of animal bones and artefacts from shell middens, and (3) further aDNA analyses of the remains of Late Mesolithic and Neolithic people.
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spelling doaj-art-4a06b47dfa9b4e48bff57141c2d94beb2025-08-20T02:11:26ZengMDPI AGHumans2673-94612025-03-0151810.3390/humans5010008Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western ScotlandCatriona Pickard0Elizabeth Greenberg1Emma Smith2Andy Barlow3Clive Bonsall4School of History Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKSchool of History Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKSchool of History Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKSchool of History Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKSchool of History Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKIn this paper, we revisit the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in western Scotland and the links between early European farmers and middens in light of new aDNA, radiocarbon, and stable isotopic evidence. New carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data for food sources (plant and animal remains) from a Mesolithic site are presented, and dietary FRUITS models are recalculated based on these data. We also respond to recent criticisms of the Bayesian approach to diet reconstruction. Results support the view that Neolithic people had at most a minimal contribution of marine foods in their diet and also point to a dual population model of transition in western Scotland. A significant aspect of the transition in coastal western Scotland is the co-occurrence of Neolithic human remains with shell-midden deposits, which appears to contradict stable isotopic evidence indicating a minimal contribution of marine resources to the diet of early farming communities in the region. Finally, we highlight the need for further research to fully address these issues, including (1) targeted isotopic analyses of potential plant and animal resources, (2) single-entity radiocarbon and ZooMS analyses of animal bones and artefacts from shell middens, and (3) further aDNA analyses of the remains of Late Mesolithic and Neolithic people.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9461/5/1/8dietstable isotopesaDNAMesolithicNeolithicwestern Scotland
spellingShingle Catriona Pickard
Elizabeth Greenberg
Emma Smith
Andy Barlow
Clive Bonsall
Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
Humans
diet
stable isotopes
aDNA
Mesolithic
Neolithic
western Scotland
title Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
title_full Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
title_fullStr Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
title_full_unstemmed Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
title_short Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
title_sort diet dna and the mesolithic neolithic transition in western scotland
topic diet
stable isotopes
aDNA
Mesolithic
Neolithic
western Scotland
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9461/5/1/8
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AT emmasmith dietdnaandthemesolithicneolithictransitioninwesternscotland
AT andybarlow dietdnaandthemesolithicneolithictransitioninwesternscotland
AT clivebonsall dietdnaandthemesolithicneolithictransitioninwesternscotland