L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population

BackgroundThe relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea in non-diabetic individuals is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population.MethodsData from a cohort of non-diabetic individuals were collected from t...

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Main Authors: Chenguang Wu, Zhenyan Xu, Xin Chen, Hualong Liu, Yuliang Chen, Jiaxing Huang, Teng Lu, Zixi Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1504855/full
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author Chenguang Wu
Zhenyan Xu
Zhenyan Xu
Xin Chen
Hualong Liu
Yuliang Chen
Jiaxing Huang
Teng Lu
Zixi Huang
author_facet Chenguang Wu
Zhenyan Xu
Zhenyan Xu
Xin Chen
Hualong Liu
Yuliang Chen
Jiaxing Huang
Teng Lu
Zixi Huang
author_sort Chenguang Wu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea in non-diabetic individuals is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population.MethodsData from a cohort of non-diabetic individuals were collected from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey dataset. We performed smooth curve and two piecewise linear regression analyses to assess the association between fasting blood glucose and urea in this non-diabetic population.ResultsData from a total of 7,596 adult participants without diabetes were included in this study; the mean age of the participants was 50.2 years, and 46.4% were male. There was an L-shaped relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea, and the inflection point of fasting blood glucose was 4.6 mmol/L. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found a negative correlation between fasting blood glucose and urea up to the inflection point (β = −0.3, 95% CI −0.5 to −0.2, P < 0.001), but beyond the inflection point, this relationship disappeared (β = 0.0, 95% CI −0.1 to 0.1 P = 0.848). In the group with lower fasting blood glucose (fasting blood glucose <4.6 mmol/L), smoking (interaction P = 0.037) and alcohol consumption (interaction P = 0.001) influenced the relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea.ConclusionsThe results suggest that lower fasting blood glucose was associated with higher urea in non-diabetic individuals with fasting blood glucose <4.6 mmol/L, revealing an L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea.
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spelling doaj-art-4a04fff0fd604d5d8a5104e79dd719912025-08-20T02:41:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-03-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15048551504855L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic populationChenguang Wu0Zhenyan Xu1Zhenyan Xu2Xin Chen3Hualong Liu4Yuliang Chen5Jiaxing Huang6Teng Lu7Zixi Huang8Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaBackgroundThe relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea in non-diabetic individuals is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population.MethodsData from a cohort of non-diabetic individuals were collected from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey dataset. We performed smooth curve and two piecewise linear regression analyses to assess the association between fasting blood glucose and urea in this non-diabetic population.ResultsData from a total of 7,596 adult participants without diabetes were included in this study; the mean age of the participants was 50.2 years, and 46.4% were male. There was an L-shaped relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea, and the inflection point of fasting blood glucose was 4.6 mmol/L. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found a negative correlation between fasting blood glucose and urea up to the inflection point (β = −0.3, 95% CI −0.5 to −0.2, P < 0.001), but beyond the inflection point, this relationship disappeared (β = 0.0, 95% CI −0.1 to 0.1 P = 0.848). In the group with lower fasting blood glucose (fasting blood glucose <4.6 mmol/L), smoking (interaction P = 0.037) and alcohol consumption (interaction P = 0.001) influenced the relationship between fasting blood glucose and urea.ConclusionsThe results suggest that lower fasting blood glucose was associated with higher urea in non-diabetic individuals with fasting blood glucose <4.6 mmol/L, revealing an L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1504855/fullureafasting blood glucosenon-diabetic populationproteinassociation
spellingShingle Chenguang Wu
Zhenyan Xu
Zhenyan Xu
Xin Chen
Hualong Liu
Yuliang Chen
Jiaxing Huang
Teng Lu
Zixi Huang
L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population
Frontiers in Nutrition
urea
fasting blood glucose
non-diabetic population
protein
association
title L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population
title_full L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population
title_fullStr L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population
title_full_unstemmed L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population
title_short L-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non-diabetic population
title_sort l shaped association between fasting blood glucose and urea in a non diabetic population
topic urea
fasting blood glucose
non-diabetic population
protein
association
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1504855/full
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