Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments

The rapid advancements in autonomous vehicle technology, particularly in ride-sharing services within urban networks, emphasize the critical need for comprehensive research on their impact, especially as CAV (connected and autonomous vehicle) operators target new markets. This study addresses the pr...

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Main Authors: Nick Sauciur, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Soheil Sajjadi, Bernice Liu, Anurag Pande
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198225002179
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author Nick Sauciur
Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan
Soheil Sajjadi
Bernice Liu
Anurag Pande
author_facet Nick Sauciur
Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan
Soheil Sajjadi
Bernice Liu
Anurag Pande
author_sort Nick Sauciur
collection DOAJ
description The rapid advancements in autonomous vehicle technology, particularly in ride-sharing services within urban networks, emphasize the critical need for comprehensive research on their impact, especially as CAV (connected and autonomous vehicle) operators target new markets. This study addresses the pressing gap in evidence regarding the effects of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on urban infrastructure, a concern for communities that lack a thorough understanding of how these technologies will influence traffic on their network. By modeling a 13 sq. km network of downtown San Jose using the VISSIM microscopic traffic simulation tool, this research assesses both the operational and safety performance of the network at varying market penetration rates for the CAVs. The key evaluation metrics include average travel times, delays, and speeds, alongside surrogate safety assessments to quantify simulated conflict types.Notably, the findings indicate significant improvements in roadway performance and safety correlating with increased CAV penetration, with average stop delays and overall vehicle delays decreasing by up to 11% and 7%, respectively. However, the maximum platoon size did not significantly enhance these benefits. This phenomenon may be attributed to the inherent complexities of urban networks, which present numerous interruptions, such as traffic signals and multimodal traffic accessing the network from several points. Based on the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) conducted, while the number of critical crossing conflicts decreased, a rise in lane-change and rear-end near misses was identified with increasing CAV penetration rates. As communities consider allowing CAV operations, this research not only highlights the potential advantages of integrating CAVs into urban traffic systems but also emphasizes the necessity for informed planning to harness their full benefits while mitigating potential challenges. Ultimately, understanding the dynamic interactions between CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs) and other multimodal traffic is essential for developing effective strategies that promote sustainable and efficient urban mobility.
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spelling doaj-art-4a019d8050824ae589aaeb9ba032f28f2025-08-22T04:57:57ZengElsevierTransportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives2590-19822025-07-013210153810.1016/j.trip.2025.101538Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environmentsNick Sauciur0Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan1Soheil Sajjadi2Bernice Liu3Anurag Pande4California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United StatesUniversity of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Corresponding author.Mobility Business Development, Arcadis, Charlotte, NC 28277, United StatesCalifornia Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United StatesCalifornia Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United StatesThe rapid advancements in autonomous vehicle technology, particularly in ride-sharing services within urban networks, emphasize the critical need for comprehensive research on their impact, especially as CAV (connected and autonomous vehicle) operators target new markets. This study addresses the pressing gap in evidence regarding the effects of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on urban infrastructure, a concern for communities that lack a thorough understanding of how these technologies will influence traffic on their network. By modeling a 13 sq. km network of downtown San Jose using the VISSIM microscopic traffic simulation tool, this research assesses both the operational and safety performance of the network at varying market penetration rates for the CAVs. The key evaluation metrics include average travel times, delays, and speeds, alongside surrogate safety assessments to quantify simulated conflict types.Notably, the findings indicate significant improvements in roadway performance and safety correlating with increased CAV penetration, with average stop delays and overall vehicle delays decreasing by up to 11% and 7%, respectively. However, the maximum platoon size did not significantly enhance these benefits. This phenomenon may be attributed to the inherent complexities of urban networks, which present numerous interruptions, such as traffic signals and multimodal traffic accessing the network from several points. Based on the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) conducted, while the number of critical crossing conflicts decreased, a rise in lane-change and rear-end near misses was identified with increasing CAV penetration rates. As communities consider allowing CAV operations, this research not only highlights the potential advantages of integrating CAVs into urban traffic systems but also emphasizes the necessity for informed planning to harness their full benefits while mitigating potential challenges. Ultimately, understanding the dynamic interactions between CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs) and other multimodal traffic is essential for developing effective strategies that promote sustainable and efficient urban mobility.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198225002179Connected and autonomous vehiclesMicrosimulationAutonomous ride-sharing servicesTraffic operationsSurrogate safety assessment model
spellingShingle Nick Sauciur
Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan
Soheil Sajjadi
Bernice Liu
Anurag Pande
Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Connected and autonomous vehicles
Microsimulation
Autonomous ride-sharing services
Traffic operations
Surrogate safety assessment model
title Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
title_full Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
title_fullStr Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
title_short Evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
title_sort evaluating urban network efficiency and safety impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles in complex city environments
topic Connected and autonomous vehicles
Microsimulation
Autonomous ride-sharing services
Traffic operations
Surrogate safety assessment model
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198225002179
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