Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment

Pipeline steel is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in hydrogen environments, which compromises its structural integrity and operational safety. Existing studies have primarily focused on the degradation trends of mechanical properties in hydrogen environments, but there remains a la...

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Main Authors: Linlin Yu, Hui Feng, Shengnan Li, Zhicheng Guo, Qiang Chi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/596
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author Linlin Yu
Hui Feng
Shengnan Li
Zhicheng Guo
Qiang Chi
author_facet Linlin Yu
Hui Feng
Shengnan Li
Zhicheng Guo
Qiang Chi
author_sort Linlin Yu
collection DOAJ
description Pipeline steel is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in hydrogen environments, which compromises its structural integrity and operational safety. Existing studies have primarily focused on the degradation trends of mechanical properties in hydrogen environments, but there remains a lack of quantitative failure prediction models. To investigate the failure behavior of X65 pipeline steel under hydrogen environments, this paper utilized notched round bar specimens with three different radii and smooth round bar specimens to examine the effects of pre-charging time, the coupled influence of stress triaxiality and hydrogen concentration, and the coupled influence of strain rate and hydrogen concentration on the HE sensitivity of X65 pipeline steel. Fracture surface morphologies were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) dominates failure mechanisms at low hydrogen concentrations, while hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE) becomes dominant at high hydrogen concentrations. The results demonstrate that increasing stress triaxiality or decreasing strain rate significantly intensifies the HE sensitivity of X65 pipeline steel. Based on the experimental findings, failure prediction models for X65 pipeline steel were developed under the coupled effects of hydrogen concentration and stress triaxiality as well as hydrogen concentration and strain rate, providing theoretical support and mathematical models for the engineering application of X65 pipeline steel in hydrogen environments.
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spelling doaj-art-49ff1dd0fd034e40834c110307c0fb642025-08-20T03:27:32ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-05-0115659610.3390/met15060596Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen EnvironmentLinlin Yu0Hui Feng1Shengnan Li2Zhicheng Guo3Qiang Chi4College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaTubular Goods Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710077, ChinaTubular Goods Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710077, ChinaCollege of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaTubular Goods Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710077, ChinaPipeline steel is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in hydrogen environments, which compromises its structural integrity and operational safety. Existing studies have primarily focused on the degradation trends of mechanical properties in hydrogen environments, but there remains a lack of quantitative failure prediction models. To investigate the failure behavior of X65 pipeline steel under hydrogen environments, this paper utilized notched round bar specimens with three different radii and smooth round bar specimens to examine the effects of pre-charging time, the coupled influence of stress triaxiality and hydrogen concentration, and the coupled influence of strain rate and hydrogen concentration on the HE sensitivity of X65 pipeline steel. Fracture surface morphologies were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) dominates failure mechanisms at low hydrogen concentrations, while hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE) becomes dominant at high hydrogen concentrations. The results demonstrate that increasing stress triaxiality or decreasing strain rate significantly intensifies the HE sensitivity of X65 pipeline steel. Based on the experimental findings, failure prediction models for X65 pipeline steel were developed under the coupled effects of hydrogen concentration and stress triaxiality as well as hydrogen concentration and strain rate, providing theoretical support and mathematical models for the engineering application of X65 pipeline steel in hydrogen environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/596hydrogen embrittlementstress triaxialityhydrogen concentrationstrain ratefailure model
spellingShingle Linlin Yu
Hui Feng
Shengnan Li
Zhicheng Guo
Qiang Chi
Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment
Metals
hydrogen embrittlement
stress triaxiality
hydrogen concentration
strain rate
failure model
title Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment
title_full Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment
title_fullStr Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment
title_full_unstemmed Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment
title_short Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen Environment
title_sort study on hydrogen embrittlement behavior of x65 pipeline steel in gaseous hydrogen environment
topic hydrogen embrittlement
stress triaxiality
hydrogen concentration
strain rate
failure model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/596
work_keys_str_mv AT linlinyu studyonhydrogenembrittlementbehaviorofx65pipelinesteelingaseoushydrogenenvironment
AT huifeng studyonhydrogenembrittlementbehaviorofx65pipelinesteelingaseoushydrogenenvironment
AT shengnanli studyonhydrogenembrittlementbehaviorofx65pipelinesteelingaseoushydrogenenvironment
AT zhichengguo studyonhydrogenembrittlementbehaviorofx65pipelinesteelingaseoushydrogenenvironment
AT qiangchi studyonhydrogenembrittlementbehaviorofx65pipelinesteelingaseoushydrogenenvironment