Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Abstract Background The arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a harsh natural environment that spans a vast altitudinal range, where plant growth suffers from various environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought. Shrubs are one of the most important plant functional groups in th...

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Main Authors: Dongjie Hou, Nan Li, Xiaoyun Qu, Shaoqiong Dong, Ke Guo, Changcheng Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05849-0
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author Dongjie Hou
Nan Li
Xiaoyun Qu
Shaoqiong Dong
Ke Guo
Changcheng Liu
author_facet Dongjie Hou
Nan Li
Xiaoyun Qu
Shaoqiong Dong
Ke Guo
Changcheng Liu
author_sort Dongjie Hou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a harsh natural environment that spans a vast altitudinal range, where plant growth suffers from various environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought. Shrubs are one of the most important plant functional groups in this region, and different shrub types have developed various nutrient strategies in response to these environmental stresses. However, nutrient characteristics and biogeographical patterns in different shrub types have seldom been investigated. The aboveground concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of the three shrub types (leaf-normal, leaf-reduced, and succulent shrubs) and soil physicochemical properties were measured in 138 sampling sites in the arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results Mean C, N, and P concentrations in all shrubs were 382.09 mg/g, 24.63 mg/g, and 1.43 mg/g in the arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mean C, N, and P concentrations were 347.64, 24.30, and 1.25 mg/g in succulent shrubs, which were significantly lower than those of leaf-normal shrubs (C: 418.43 mg/g; N: 24.57 mg/g; P: 1.55 mg/g) and leaf-reduced shrubs (C: 399.71 mg/g; N: 25.96 mg/g; P: 1.65 mg/g). With increasing in longitude, C, N, and P concentrations in leaf-normal and leaf-reduced shrubs increased but these nutrients in succulent shrubs decreased. Increasing altitude only increased N and P concentrations for leaf-normal shrubs. These results demonstrated that the three shrub types had divergent nutrient biogeographical patterns. N and P concentrations of leaf-normal and leaf-reduced shrubs were directly driven by soil total N and total P concentrations and indirectly regulated by mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, promoting the formation of longitude or altitude nutrient patterns. Meanwhile, N and P concentrations in succulent shrubs were only regulated by soil pH, total N, and total P concentrations, driving the formation of longitude nutrient patterns. These results indicated divergent driving factors for nutrient biogeographical patterns among the three shrub types. Conclusions Our study highlights the unique nutrient characteristics of succulent shrubs, reveals driving factors of nutrient biogeographical patterns in the three shrub types, and contributes to the understanding of biogeochemical cycling in arid ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-49fd91751cd747b29d0cc149f4e7d0852025-08-20T02:08:20ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-11-0124111210.1186/s12870-024-05849-0Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet PlateauDongjie Hou0Nan Li1Xiaoyun Qu2Shaoqiong Dong3Ke Guo4Changcheng Liu5College of Grassland, Resource and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityCollege of Grassland, Resource and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Background The arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a harsh natural environment that spans a vast altitudinal range, where plant growth suffers from various environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought. Shrubs are one of the most important plant functional groups in this region, and different shrub types have developed various nutrient strategies in response to these environmental stresses. However, nutrient characteristics and biogeographical patterns in different shrub types have seldom been investigated. The aboveground concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of the three shrub types (leaf-normal, leaf-reduced, and succulent shrubs) and soil physicochemical properties were measured in 138 sampling sites in the arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results Mean C, N, and P concentrations in all shrubs were 382.09 mg/g, 24.63 mg/g, and 1.43 mg/g in the arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mean C, N, and P concentrations were 347.64, 24.30, and 1.25 mg/g in succulent shrubs, which were significantly lower than those of leaf-normal shrubs (C: 418.43 mg/g; N: 24.57 mg/g; P: 1.55 mg/g) and leaf-reduced shrubs (C: 399.71 mg/g; N: 25.96 mg/g; P: 1.65 mg/g). With increasing in longitude, C, N, and P concentrations in leaf-normal and leaf-reduced shrubs increased but these nutrients in succulent shrubs decreased. Increasing altitude only increased N and P concentrations for leaf-normal shrubs. These results demonstrated that the three shrub types had divergent nutrient biogeographical patterns. N and P concentrations of leaf-normal and leaf-reduced shrubs were directly driven by soil total N and total P concentrations and indirectly regulated by mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, promoting the formation of longitude or altitude nutrient patterns. Meanwhile, N and P concentrations in succulent shrubs were only regulated by soil pH, total N, and total P concentrations, driving the formation of longitude nutrient patterns. These results indicated divergent driving factors for nutrient biogeographical patterns among the three shrub types. Conclusions Our study highlights the unique nutrient characteristics of succulent shrubs, reveals driving factors of nutrient biogeographical patterns in the three shrub types, and contributes to the understanding of biogeochemical cycling in arid ecosystems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05849-0Climatic factorSucculent shrubsQinghai-Tibet PlateauNutrient biogeographical patternSoil nutrient
spellingShingle Dongjie Hou
Nan Li
Xiaoyun Qu
Shaoqiong Dong
Ke Guo
Changcheng Liu
Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
BMC Plant Biology
Climatic factor
Succulent shrubs
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Nutrient biogeographical pattern
Soil nutrient
title Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
title_full Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
title_fullStr Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
title_full_unstemmed Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
title_short Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
title_sort divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of qinghai tibet plateau
topic Climatic factor
Succulent shrubs
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Nutrient biogeographical pattern
Soil nutrient
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05849-0
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