Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia, present some of the most pressing challenges in the field of medicine today. By causing progressive cognitive and functional decline, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) subtypes are an essential area for urgently needed...

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Main Authors: Revati M. Wahul, Sarita Ambadekar, Deepesh M. Dhanvijay, Mrinai M. Dhanvijay, Manisha A. Dudhedia, Varsha Gaikwad, Bhavana Kanawade, J. R. Pansare, Balaji Bodkhe, S. H. Gawande
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Artificial Intelligence
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00358-x
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author Revati M. Wahul
Sarita Ambadekar
Deepesh M. Dhanvijay
Mrinai M. Dhanvijay
Manisha A. Dudhedia
Varsha Gaikwad
Bhavana Kanawade
J. R. Pansare
Balaji Bodkhe
S. H. Gawande
author_facet Revati M. Wahul
Sarita Ambadekar
Deepesh M. Dhanvijay
Mrinai M. Dhanvijay
Manisha A. Dudhedia
Varsha Gaikwad
Bhavana Kanawade
J. R. Pansare
Balaji Bodkhe
S. H. Gawande
author_sort Revati M. Wahul
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia, present some of the most pressing challenges in the field of medicine today. By causing progressive cognitive and functional decline, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) subtypes are an essential area for urgently needed work. As a systematic literature review, this paper outlines the intricacies of dementia’s pathophysiology of dementia by addressing the complexity of dementia as a construct, how different types of clinical paths can happen, how neuronal atrophy occurs along different cerebral domains, and when the critical diagnostic thresholds are met. A complete review of peer-reviewed papers over the past ten years, with a focus on Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and multimodal fusion approaches to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic precision will focus on neuroimaging biomarkers, EEG-based cognitive profiles, digital phenotyping, and wearable sensor analytics. This survey will compare the study’s algorithms or frameworks on sensitivity, specificity, interpretability, computational efficiency, and clinical transnationality concerning early detection and monitoring progression. Though AI methods are having a continuing rapid surge in progress, the issues of model transparency and generalizability are still lacking, thus meaning the need for XAI. This work builds a multi-disciplinary data agnostic approach for building stronger patient-centered models that can bring together genomics, imaging, behavior and contextual features in the task-driven processes. Overall, this literature survey’s objective is to shine a light on the multi-faceted pathway towards precision-driven, AI augmented dementia care—and ultimately to change the management of neurodegenerative disease by synthesizing current developments and highlighting their shortcomings.
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spelling doaj-art-49fcf894e2b64f40b0602f0c1de07f2d2025-08-20T03:21:03ZengSpringerDiscover Artificial Intelligence2731-08092025-06-015113210.1007/s44163-025-00358-xMultimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic reviewRevati M. Wahul0Sarita Ambadekar1Deepesh M. Dhanvijay2Mrinai M. Dhanvijay3Manisha A. Dudhedia4Varsha Gaikwad5Bhavana Kanawade6J. R. Pansare7Balaji Bodkhe8S. H. Gawande9Department of Computer Engineering, Wadia College of Engineering, S. P. Pune UniversityDepartment of Computer Engineering, K. J. Somaiya Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, TrichyDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Wadia College of EngineeringDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunication, Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of EngineeringDepartment Information Technology, Government College of EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology, International Institute of Information Technology, S. P. Pune UniversityDepartment of Computer Engineering, Wadia College of Engineering, S. P. Pune UniversityDepartment of Computer Engineering, Wadia College of Engineering, S. P. Pune UniversityIndustrial Tribology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wadia College of Engineering, S. P. Pune UniversityAbstract Neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia, present some of the most pressing challenges in the field of medicine today. By causing progressive cognitive and functional decline, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) subtypes are an essential area for urgently needed work. As a systematic literature review, this paper outlines the intricacies of dementia’s pathophysiology of dementia by addressing the complexity of dementia as a construct, how different types of clinical paths can happen, how neuronal atrophy occurs along different cerebral domains, and when the critical diagnostic thresholds are met. A complete review of peer-reviewed papers over the past ten years, with a focus on Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and multimodal fusion approaches to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic precision will focus on neuroimaging biomarkers, EEG-based cognitive profiles, digital phenotyping, and wearable sensor analytics. This survey will compare the study’s algorithms or frameworks on sensitivity, specificity, interpretability, computational efficiency, and clinical transnationality concerning early detection and monitoring progression. Though AI methods are having a continuing rapid surge in progress, the issues of model transparency and generalizability are still lacking, thus meaning the need for XAI. This work builds a multi-disciplinary data agnostic approach for building stronger patient-centered models that can bring together genomics, imaging, behavior and contextual features in the task-driven processes. Overall, this literature survey’s objective is to shine a light on the multi-faceted pathway towards precision-driven, AI augmented dementia care—and ultimately to change the management of neurodegenerative disease by synthesizing current developments and highlighting their shortcomings.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00358-xDementia diagnosisAlzheimer’s disease (AD)Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)Machine learning (ML)Deep learning (DL)Multimodal data Integration
spellingShingle Revati M. Wahul
Sarita Ambadekar
Deepesh M. Dhanvijay
Mrinai M. Dhanvijay
Manisha A. Dudhedia
Varsha Gaikwad
Bhavana Kanawade
J. R. Pansare
Balaji Bodkhe
S. H. Gawande
Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review
Discover Artificial Intelligence
Dementia diagnosis
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
Machine learning (ML)
Deep learning (DL)
Multimodal data Integration
title Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review
title_full Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review
title_fullStr Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review
title_short Multimodal approaches and AI-driven innovations in dementia diagnosis: a systematic review
title_sort multimodal approaches and ai driven innovations in dementia diagnosis a systematic review
topic Dementia diagnosis
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
Machine learning (ML)
Deep learning (DL)
Multimodal data Integration
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00358-x
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