Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil
The co-contamination of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils threatens rice safety, yet synergistic mitigation strategies using silicon (Si) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) remain underexplored. This study integrated hydroponic and soil pot experiments to evaluate Si-FeSO&...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Yanlin You Xiaodong Guo Jianyu Chen Zhiqin Liu Qiuying Cai Jinyong Yu Wanli Zhu Yuna Wang Hanyue Chen Bo Xu Yanhui Chen Guo Wang |
| author_facet | Yanlin You Xiaodong Guo Jianyu Chen Zhiqin Liu Qiuying Cai Jinyong Yu Wanli Zhu Yuna Wang Hanyue Chen Bo Xu Yanhui Chen Guo Wang |
| author_sort | Yanlin You |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The co-contamination of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils threatens rice safety, yet synergistic mitigation strategies using silicon (Si) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) remain underexplored. This study integrated hydroponic and soil pot experiments to evaluate Si-FeSO<sub>4</sub> interactions on As/Cd accumulation and rice growth. Hydroponic trials employed 21-day-old rice seedlings exposed to 0.5 mg As(III)/Cd(II) L<sup>−1</sup> with/without 70 mg Si L<sup>−1</sup> and 30–70 mg Fe L<sup>−1</sup>, followed by sequential harvesting at 14 and 21 days. Soil experiments utilized co-contaminated paddy soil (50 mg As kg<sup>−1</sup> and 1.2 mg Cd kg<sup>−1</sup>) amended with Si (80 or 400 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Fe (100 or 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), with pore water dynamics monitored over 120 days. Hydroponic results demonstrated that 70 mg Si L<sup>−1</sup> combined with 30 or 70 mg Fe L<sup>−1</sup> enhanced shoot biomass by 12–79% under As stress, while simultaneously reducing shoot As concentrations by 76–87% and Cd concentrations by 14–33%. Iron plaque induced by FeSO<sub>4</sub> exhibited contrasting adsorption behaviors: hydroponic roots immobilized both As and Cd (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas roots in soil primarily retained Cd (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In soil experiments, the optimal treatment of 100 mg Fe kg<sup>−1</sup> and 400 mg Si kg<sup>−1</sup> (Fe<sub>1</sub> + Si<sub>2</sub>) increased grain biomass by 54%, while reducing As and Cd concentrations by 37% and 42%, respectively. However, a higher Fe dosage (Fe<sub>2</sub>: 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Fe) paradoxically increased grain Cd concentrations. Mechanistically, Si amendment elevated soil pH (Δ + 0.72), facilitating Cd immobilization, while FeSO<sub>4</sub> lowered pH (Δ−0.07–0.53), increasing Cd mobility. A strong correlation between soluble Cd and plant uptake was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while changes in As accumulation were unrelated to aqueous behavior. The optimized Si/Fe molar ratio of 7.95:1 effectively mitigated As and Cd co-accumulation, offering a dual-functional strategy for safe rice cultivation in contaminated soils. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-49f44472b1544b3ead46db78a371cc0e2025-08-20T03:30:28ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-06-01156142210.3390/agronomy15061422Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated SoilYanlin You0Xiaodong Guo1Jianyu Chen2Zhiqin Liu3Qiuying Cai4Jinyong Yu5Wanli Zhu6Yuna Wang7Hanyue Chen8Bo Xu9Yanhui Chen10Guo Wang11College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaMilitary Theory Teaching and Research Office, Security Department, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaAgricultural Comprehensive Technology Center, Jixi Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Jixi 158100, ChinaPutian Agricultural Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Putian 351144, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471027, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaThe co-contamination of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils threatens rice safety, yet synergistic mitigation strategies using silicon (Si) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) remain underexplored. This study integrated hydroponic and soil pot experiments to evaluate Si-FeSO<sub>4</sub> interactions on As/Cd accumulation and rice growth. Hydroponic trials employed 21-day-old rice seedlings exposed to 0.5 mg As(III)/Cd(II) L<sup>−1</sup> with/without 70 mg Si L<sup>−1</sup> and 30–70 mg Fe L<sup>−1</sup>, followed by sequential harvesting at 14 and 21 days. Soil experiments utilized co-contaminated paddy soil (50 mg As kg<sup>−1</sup> and 1.2 mg Cd kg<sup>−1</sup>) amended with Si (80 or 400 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Fe (100 or 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), with pore water dynamics monitored over 120 days. Hydroponic results demonstrated that 70 mg Si L<sup>−1</sup> combined with 30 or 70 mg Fe L<sup>−1</sup> enhanced shoot biomass by 12–79% under As stress, while simultaneously reducing shoot As concentrations by 76–87% and Cd concentrations by 14–33%. Iron plaque induced by FeSO<sub>4</sub> exhibited contrasting adsorption behaviors: hydroponic roots immobilized both As and Cd (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas roots in soil primarily retained Cd (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In soil experiments, the optimal treatment of 100 mg Fe kg<sup>−1</sup> and 400 mg Si kg<sup>−1</sup> (Fe<sub>1</sub> + Si<sub>2</sub>) increased grain biomass by 54%, while reducing As and Cd concentrations by 37% and 42%, respectively. However, a higher Fe dosage (Fe<sub>2</sub>: 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Fe) paradoxically increased grain Cd concentrations. Mechanistically, Si amendment elevated soil pH (Δ + 0.72), facilitating Cd immobilization, while FeSO<sub>4</sub> lowered pH (Δ−0.07–0.53), increasing Cd mobility. A strong correlation between soluble Cd and plant uptake was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while changes in As accumulation were unrelated to aqueous behavior. The optimized Si/Fe molar ratio of 7.95:1 effectively mitigated As and Cd co-accumulation, offering a dual-functional strategy for safe rice cultivation in contaminated soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1422potentially toxic elementsAs-Cd co-contaminationsoil remediationiron plaquepore water |
| spellingShingle | Yanlin You Xiaodong Guo Jianyu Chen Zhiqin Liu Qiuying Cai Jinyong Yu Wanli Zhu Yuna Wang Hanyue Chen Bo Xu Yanhui Chen Guo Wang Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil Agronomy potentially toxic elements As-Cd co-contamination soil remediation iron plaque pore water |
| title | Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil |
| title_full | Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil |
| title_short | Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil |
| title_sort | synergistic effects of silicon and ferrous sulfate on reducing arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice from co contaminated soil |
| topic | potentially toxic elements As-Cd co-contamination soil remediation iron plaque pore water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1422 |
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