Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations

Abstract Discovering new drug candidates for complex diseases like cancer is a significant challenge in modern drug discovery. Drug repurposing provides a cost-effective and time-efficient strategy to identify existing drugs for novel therapeutic targets. Here, we exploited an integrated in-silico a...

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Main Authors: Mohd Shahnawaz Khan, Anas Shamsi, Moyad Shahwan, Khuzin Dinislam, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14503-0
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author Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
Anas Shamsi
Moyad Shahwan
Khuzin Dinislam
Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
author_facet Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
Anas Shamsi
Moyad Shahwan
Khuzin Dinislam
Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
author_sort Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Discovering new drug candidates for complex diseases like cancer is a significant challenge in modern drug discovery. Drug repurposing provides a cost-effective and time-efficient strategy to identify existing drugs for novel therapeutic targets. Here, we exploited an integrated in-silico approach to identify repurposed drugs that could inhibit programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is a crucial protein that plays a pivotal role in immune checkpoint regulation, making it a potential target for cancer treatment. Using a drug repurposing approach, we combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the binding efficiency of FDA-approved drug molecules targeting PD-L1. From the binding affinities and interaction analysis of the first screening, several molecules emerged as PD-L1 binders. Two of them, Lumacaftor and Vedaprofen, showed appropriate drug profiles and biological activities and stood out as highly potent binding partners of the PD-L1. MD simulation was performed for 500 ns to assess the conformational and stability changes of PD-L1-Lumacaftor and PD-L1-Vedaprofen complexes. The simulations revealed sustained structural integrity and stable binding of both complexes throughout the 500 ns trajectories, supporting their potential as PD-L1 inhibitors. While the findings are promising, they remain computational and require experimental validation to confirm biological efficacy and specificity. This study also emphasizes the role of bioinformatics approaches in drug repurposing that can help in the identification of novel anticancer agents.
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spelling doaj-art-49f2de6a9c4e4e5e89d48f4c7eadc3392025-08-20T03:04:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-14503-0Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulationsMohd Shahnawaz Khan0Anas Shamsi1Moyad Shahwan2Khuzin Dinislam3Dharmendra Kumar Yadav4Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityCentre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman UniversityCentre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman UniversityDepartment of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Republic of BashkortostanDepartment of Biologics College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-guAbstract Discovering new drug candidates for complex diseases like cancer is a significant challenge in modern drug discovery. Drug repurposing provides a cost-effective and time-efficient strategy to identify existing drugs for novel therapeutic targets. Here, we exploited an integrated in-silico approach to identify repurposed drugs that could inhibit programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is a crucial protein that plays a pivotal role in immune checkpoint regulation, making it a potential target for cancer treatment. Using a drug repurposing approach, we combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the binding efficiency of FDA-approved drug molecules targeting PD-L1. From the binding affinities and interaction analysis of the first screening, several molecules emerged as PD-L1 binders. Two of them, Lumacaftor and Vedaprofen, showed appropriate drug profiles and biological activities and stood out as highly potent binding partners of the PD-L1. MD simulation was performed for 500 ns to assess the conformational and stability changes of PD-L1-Lumacaftor and PD-L1-Vedaprofen complexes. The simulations revealed sustained structural integrity and stable binding of both complexes throughout the 500 ns trajectories, supporting their potential as PD-L1 inhibitors. While the findings are promising, they remain computational and require experimental validation to confirm biological efficacy and specificity. This study also emphasizes the role of bioinformatics approaches in drug repurposing that can help in the identification of novel anticancer agents.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14503-0Programmed death-ligand 1Anticancer therapeuticsDrug repurposingVirtual screeningMolecular dynamics simulationLumacaftor
spellingShingle Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
Anas Shamsi
Moyad Shahwan
Khuzin Dinislam
Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
Scientific Reports
Programmed death-ligand 1
Anticancer therapeutics
Drug repurposing
Virtual screening
Molecular dynamics simulation
Lumacaftor
title Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
title_full Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
title_fullStr Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
title_full_unstemmed Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
title_short Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
title_sort targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
topic Programmed death-ligand 1
Anticancer therapeutics
Drug repurposing
Virtual screening
Molecular dynamics simulation
Lumacaftor
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14503-0
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AT moyadshahwan targetingprogrammeddeathligand1foranticancertherapyusingcomputationaldrugrepurposingandmolecularsimulations
AT khuzindinislam targetingprogrammeddeathligand1foranticancertherapyusingcomputationaldrugrepurposingandmolecularsimulations
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