Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium

(1) Background: Respiratory allergens, particularly ragweed (RW) pollen and house dust mites (HDMs), are major triggers of respiratory inflammation and allergic diseases. This study investigated the impact of single- versus combined-allergen exposure on the barrier function of normal human bronchial...

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Main Authors: Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru, Manuela Grijincu, Gabriela Tănasie, Elena-Larisa Zimbru, Florina-Maria Bojin, Roxana-Maria Buzan, Tudor-Paul Tamaș, Monica-Daniela Cotarcă, Octavia Oana Harich, Raul Pătrașcu, Laura Haidar, Elena Ciurariu, Karina Cristina Marin, Virgil Păunescu, Carmen Panaitescu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4113
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author Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru
Manuela Grijincu
Gabriela Tănasie
Elena-Larisa Zimbru
Florina-Maria Bojin
Roxana-Maria Buzan
Tudor-Paul Tamaș
Monica-Daniela Cotarcă
Octavia Oana Harich
Raul Pătrașcu
Laura Haidar
Elena Ciurariu
Karina Cristina Marin
Virgil Păunescu
Carmen Panaitescu
author_facet Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru
Manuela Grijincu
Gabriela Tănasie
Elena-Larisa Zimbru
Florina-Maria Bojin
Roxana-Maria Buzan
Tudor-Paul Tamaș
Monica-Daniela Cotarcă
Octavia Oana Harich
Raul Pătrașcu
Laura Haidar
Elena Ciurariu
Karina Cristina Marin
Virgil Păunescu
Carmen Panaitescu
author_sort Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: Respiratory allergens, particularly ragweed (RW) pollen and house dust mites (HDMs), are major triggers of respiratory inflammation and allergic diseases. This study investigated the impact of single- versus combined-allergen exposure on the barrier function of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells cultured at the air–liquid interface (ALI). (2) Methods: NHBE cells were exposed to RW pollen extract (200 µg/mL), HDM extract (200 µg/mL) and their combination at varying concentrations (200 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL). Additional groups included a mixture of Amb a 1, Amb a 11 and Amb a 12 (100 mg/mL) and combinations of Der p 1 with the ragweed allergens (50 mg/mL, 100 µg/mL). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was recorded over 72 hours to assess barrier integrity, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining for zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was performed to evaluate tight junction alterations. (3) Results: TEER measurements showed a significant reduction in epithelial barrier integrity following allergen exposure, with the most pronounced disruption observed with the combined exposure to RW and HDM groups. IF staining confirmed extensive tight junction damage, highlighting their synergistic impact. (4) Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of assessing cumulative allergen effects, as combined exposure may exacerbate epithelial dysfunction and represent a key aspect in the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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spelling doaj-art-49d85358df814a76b3d4b8b0fea7e1a72025-08-20T03:14:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01158411310.3390/app15084113Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial EpitheliumRăzvan-Ionuț Zimbru0Manuela Grijincu1Gabriela Tănasie2Elena-Larisa Zimbru3Florina-Maria Bojin4Roxana-Maria Buzan5Tudor-Paul Tamaș6Monica-Daniela Cotarcă7Octavia Oana Harich8Raul Pătrașcu9Laura Haidar10Elena Ciurariu11Karina Cristina Marin12Virgil Păunescu13Carmen Panaitescu14Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaENT Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaCenter of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania(1) Background: Respiratory allergens, particularly ragweed (RW) pollen and house dust mites (HDMs), are major triggers of respiratory inflammation and allergic diseases. This study investigated the impact of single- versus combined-allergen exposure on the barrier function of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells cultured at the air–liquid interface (ALI). (2) Methods: NHBE cells were exposed to RW pollen extract (200 µg/mL), HDM extract (200 µg/mL) and their combination at varying concentrations (200 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL). Additional groups included a mixture of Amb a 1, Amb a 11 and Amb a 12 (100 mg/mL) and combinations of Der p 1 with the ragweed allergens (50 mg/mL, 100 µg/mL). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was recorded over 72 hours to assess barrier integrity, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining for zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was performed to evaluate tight junction alterations. (3) Results: TEER measurements showed a significant reduction in epithelial barrier integrity following allergen exposure, with the most pronounced disruption observed with the combined exposure to RW and HDM groups. IF staining confirmed extensive tight junction damage, highlighting their synergistic impact. (4) Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of assessing cumulative allergen effects, as combined exposure may exacerbate epithelial dysfunction and represent a key aspect in the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4113allergybronchial epitheliumepithelial barrier integrityragweed pollenhouse dust mites (HDMs)in vitro cell cultures
spellingShingle Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru
Manuela Grijincu
Gabriela Tănasie
Elena-Larisa Zimbru
Florina-Maria Bojin
Roxana-Maria Buzan
Tudor-Paul Tamaș
Monica-Daniela Cotarcă
Octavia Oana Harich
Raul Pătrașcu
Laura Haidar
Elena Ciurariu
Karina Cristina Marin
Virgil Păunescu
Carmen Panaitescu
Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium
Applied Sciences
allergy
bronchial epithelium
epithelial barrier integrity
ragweed pollen
house dust mites (HDMs)
in vitro cell cultures
title Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium
title_full Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium
title_fullStr Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium
title_full_unstemmed Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium
title_short Breaking Barriers: The Detrimental Effects of Combined Ragweed and House Dust Mite Allergen Extract Exposure on the Bronchial Epithelium
title_sort breaking barriers the detrimental effects of combined ragweed and house dust mite allergen extract exposure on the bronchial epithelium
topic allergy
bronchial epithelium
epithelial barrier integrity
ragweed pollen
house dust mites (HDMs)
in vitro cell cultures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4113
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