Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology

Wearable accelerometers are widely used as an ecologically valid and scalable solution for long-term at-home sleep monitoring in both clinical research and care. In this study, we applied a deep learning domain adversarial convolutional neural network (DACNN) model to this task and demonstrated that...

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Main Authors: Adonay S. Nunes, Matthew R. Patterson, Dawid Gerstel, Sheraz Khan, Christine C. Guo, Ali Neishabouri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7982
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author Adonay S. Nunes
Matthew R. Patterson
Dawid Gerstel
Sheraz Khan
Christine C. Guo
Ali Neishabouri
author_facet Adonay S. Nunes
Matthew R. Patterson
Dawid Gerstel
Sheraz Khan
Christine C. Guo
Ali Neishabouri
author_sort Adonay S. Nunes
collection DOAJ
description Wearable accelerometers are widely used as an ecologically valid and scalable solution for long-term at-home sleep monitoring in both clinical research and care. In this study, we applied a deep learning domain adversarial convolutional neural network (DACNN) model to this task and demonstrated that this new model outperformed existing sleep algorithms in classifying sleep–wake and estimating sleep outcomes based on wrist-worn accelerometry. This model generalized well to another dataset based on different wearable devices and activity counts, achieving an accuracy of 80.1% (sensitivity 84% and specificity 58%). Compared to commonly used sleep algorithms, this model resulted in the smallest error in wake after sleep onset (MAE of 48.7, Cole–Kripke of 86.2, Sadeh of 108.2, z-angle of 57.5) and sleep efficiency (MAE of 11.8, Cole–Kripke of 18.4, Sadeh of 23.3, z-angle of 9.3) outcomes. Despite being around for many years, accelerometer-alone devices continue to be useful due to their low cost, long battery life, and ease of use. Improving the accuracy and generalizability of sleep algorithms for accelerometer wrist devices is of utmost importance. We here demonstrated that domain adversarial convolutional neural networks can improve the overall accuracy, especially the specificity, of sleep–wake classification using wrist-worn accelerometer data, substantiating its use as a scalable and valid approach for sleep outcome assessment in real life.
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spelling doaj-art-49cb7aa7d4124352a8fc1de48886eb762025-08-20T02:43:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012424798210.3390/s24247982Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment TechnologyAdonay S. Nunes0Matthew R. Patterson1Dawid Gerstel2Sheraz Khan3Christine C. Guo4Ali Neishabouri5ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL 32502, USAActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL 32502, USAActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL 32502, USAMcGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL 32502, USAActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL 32502, USAWearable accelerometers are widely used as an ecologically valid and scalable solution for long-term at-home sleep monitoring in both clinical research and care. In this study, we applied a deep learning domain adversarial convolutional neural network (DACNN) model to this task and demonstrated that this new model outperformed existing sleep algorithms in classifying sleep–wake and estimating sleep outcomes based on wrist-worn accelerometry. This model generalized well to another dataset based on different wearable devices and activity counts, achieving an accuracy of 80.1% (sensitivity 84% and specificity 58%). Compared to commonly used sleep algorithms, this model resulted in the smallest error in wake after sleep onset (MAE of 48.7, Cole–Kripke of 86.2, Sadeh of 108.2, z-angle of 57.5) and sleep efficiency (MAE of 11.8, Cole–Kripke of 18.4, Sadeh of 23.3, z-angle of 9.3) outcomes. Despite being around for many years, accelerometer-alone devices continue to be useful due to their low cost, long battery life, and ease of use. Improving the accuracy and generalizability of sleep algorithms for accelerometer wrist devices is of utmost importance. We here demonstrated that domain adversarial convolutional neural networks can improve the overall accuracy, especially the specificity, of sleep–wake classification using wrist-worn accelerometer data, substantiating its use as a scalable and valid approach for sleep outcome assessment in real life.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7982sleepaccelerometerwearabledeep learning
spellingShingle Adonay S. Nunes
Matthew R. Patterson
Dawid Gerstel
Sheraz Khan
Christine C. Guo
Ali Neishabouri
Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology
Sensors
sleep
accelerometer
wearable
deep learning
title Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology
title_full Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology
title_fullStr Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology
title_full_unstemmed Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology
title_short Domain Adversarial Convolutional Neural Network Improves the Accuracy and Generalizability of Wearable Sleep Assessment Technology
title_sort domain adversarial convolutional neural network improves the accuracy and generalizability of wearable sleep assessment technology
topic sleep
accelerometer
wearable
deep learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7982
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