Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome

A global rise in antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria has proved to be a major public health threat, with the rate of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections increasing over time. The gut microbiome has been studied as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that can be tran...

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Main Authors: Alexander Crits-Christoph, Haley Anne Hallowell, Kalia Koutouvalis, Jotham Suez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2022-12-01
Series:Gut Microbes
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944
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author Alexander Crits-Christoph
Haley Anne Hallowell
Kalia Koutouvalis
Jotham Suez
author_facet Alexander Crits-Christoph
Haley Anne Hallowell
Kalia Koutouvalis
Jotham Suez
author_sort Alexander Crits-Christoph
collection DOAJ
description A global rise in antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria has proved to be a major public health threat, with the rate of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections increasing over time. The gut microbiome has been studied as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that can be transferred to bacterial pathogens via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of conjugative plasmids and mobile genetic elements (the gut resistome). Advances in metagenomic sequencing have facilitated the identification of resistome modulators, including live microbial therapeutics such as probiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation that can either expand or reduce the abundances of ARG-carrying bacteria in the gut. While many different gut microbes encode for ARGs, they are not uniformly distributed across, or transmitted by, various members of the microbiome, and not all are of equal clinical relevance. Both experimental and theoretical approaches in microbial ecology have been applied to understand differing frequencies of ARG horizontal transfer between commensal microbes as well as between commensals and pathogens. In this commentary, we assess the evidence for the role of commensal gut microbes in encoding antimicrobial resistance genes, the degree to which they are shared both with other commensals and with pathogens, and the host and environmental factors that can impact resistome dynamics. We further discuss novel sequencing-based approaches for identifying ARGs and predicting future transfer events of clinically relevant ARGs from commensals to pathogens.
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spelling doaj-art-49caa2a94bb44a9682420fc0cdcec7202025-08-20T03:22:16ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842022-12-0114110.1080/19490976.2022.2055944Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiomeAlexander Crits-Christoph0Haley Anne Hallowell1Kalia Koutouvalis2Jotham Suez3W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAA global rise in antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria has proved to be a major public health threat, with the rate of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections increasing over time. The gut microbiome has been studied as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that can be transferred to bacterial pathogens via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of conjugative plasmids and mobile genetic elements (the gut resistome). Advances in metagenomic sequencing have facilitated the identification of resistome modulators, including live microbial therapeutics such as probiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation that can either expand or reduce the abundances of ARG-carrying bacteria in the gut. While many different gut microbes encode for ARGs, they are not uniformly distributed across, or transmitted by, various members of the microbiome, and not all are of equal clinical relevance. Both experimental and theoretical approaches in microbial ecology have been applied to understand differing frequencies of ARG horizontal transfer between commensal microbes as well as between commensals and pathogens. In this commentary, we assess the evidence for the role of commensal gut microbes in encoding antimicrobial resistance genes, the degree to which they are shared both with other commensals and with pathogens, and the host and environmental factors that can impact resistome dynamics. We further discuss novel sequencing-based approaches for identifying ARGs and predicting future transfer events of clinically relevant ARGs from commensals to pathogens.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944Microbiomeresistomeantibioticsprobioticsfecal microbiome transplantation (FMT)metagenomics
spellingShingle Alexander Crits-Christoph
Haley Anne Hallowell
Kalia Koutouvalis
Jotham Suez
Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
Gut Microbes
Microbiome
resistome
antibiotics
probiotics
fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT)
metagenomics
title Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
title_full Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
title_fullStr Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
title_full_unstemmed Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
title_short Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
title_sort good microbes bad genes the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome
topic Microbiome
resistome
antibiotics
probiotics
fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT)
metagenomics
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944
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