Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier
This study investigates the tribological effects of nano-sized metal oxides (ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CuO, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) in Group III type base oil containing 0.3% pour point depressant (PPD) and 5% viscosity modifier (VM) to...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/9/1/1 |
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| author | Ádám István Szabó Kevin Szabó Hajnalka Hargitai |
| author_facet | Ádám István Szabó Kevin Szabó Hajnalka Hargitai |
| author_sort | Ádám István Szabó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the tribological effects of nano-sized metal oxides (ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CuO, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) in Group III type base oil containing 0.3% pour point depressant (PPD) and 5% viscosity modifier (VM) to enhance friction and wear performance. The homogenized lubricant samples with varying concentrations of oxide nanoparticles (0.1–0.5 wt%) on a linear oscillating tribometer performed static and dynamic frictional tests. Optical and confocal microscopy surface analysis evaluated the wear of the specimen, and SEM and EDX analyses characterized the wear tracks, nanoparticle distributions, and quantification. The cooperation between PPD and nanoparticles significantly improved friction and wear values; however, the worn surface suffered extensively from fatigue wear. The collaboration between VM and nanoparticles resulted in a nanoparticle-rich tribofilm on the contact surface, providing excellent wear resistance that protects the component while also favorably impacting friction reduction. This study found CuO reduced wear volume by 85% with PPD and 43% with VM at 0.5 wt%, while ZrO<sub>2</sub> achieved 80% and 63% reductions, respectively. Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reduced wear volume by 82% with PPD, and TiO<sub>2</sub> reduced friction by 20% with VM. These nanoparticles enhanced tribological performance at optimal concentrations, but high concentrations caused tribofilm instability, highlighting the need for precise optimization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-49bef6b0c329485ba2a99cb3b0dc7480 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2305-7084 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | ChemEngineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-49bef6b0c329485ba2a99cb3b0dc74802025-08-20T02:44:38ZengMDPI AGChemEngineering2305-70842024-12-0191110.3390/chemengineering9010001Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity ModifierÁdám István Szabó0Kevin Szabó1Hajnalka Hargitai2Department of Propulsion Technology, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, H-9026 Győr, HungaryDepartment of Propulsion Technology, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, H-9026 Győr, HungaryDepartment of Materials Science and Technology, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, H-9026 Győr, HungaryThis study investigates the tribological effects of nano-sized metal oxides (ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CuO, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) in Group III type base oil containing 0.3% pour point depressant (PPD) and 5% viscosity modifier (VM) to enhance friction and wear performance. The homogenized lubricant samples with varying concentrations of oxide nanoparticles (0.1–0.5 wt%) on a linear oscillating tribometer performed static and dynamic frictional tests. Optical and confocal microscopy surface analysis evaluated the wear of the specimen, and SEM and EDX analyses characterized the wear tracks, nanoparticle distributions, and quantification. The cooperation between PPD and nanoparticles significantly improved friction and wear values; however, the worn surface suffered extensively from fatigue wear. The collaboration between VM and nanoparticles resulted in a nanoparticle-rich tribofilm on the contact surface, providing excellent wear resistance that protects the component while also favorably impacting friction reduction. This study found CuO reduced wear volume by 85% with PPD and 43% with VM at 0.5 wt%, while ZrO<sub>2</sub> achieved 80% and 63% reductions, respectively. Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reduced wear volume by 82% with PPD, and TiO<sub>2</sub> reduced friction by 20% with VM. These nanoparticles enhanced tribological performance at optimal concentrations, but high concentrations caused tribofilm instability, highlighting the need for precise optimization.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/9/1/1lubricantsnanoadditivesviscosity modifierpour point depressantfriction |
| spellingShingle | Ádám István Szabó Kevin Szabó Hajnalka Hargitai Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier ChemEngineering lubricants nanoadditives viscosity modifier pour point depressant friction |
| title | Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier |
| title_full | Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier |
| title_short | Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier |
| title_sort | investigation of the tribological effects of nano sized transition metal oxides on a base oil containing pour point depressant and viscosity modifier |
| topic | lubricants nanoadditives viscosity modifier pour point depressant friction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/9/1/1 |
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