Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Several industries are increasingly focused on enhancing the delivery of active ingredients through the skin to optimize therapeutic outcomes. By facilitating the penetration of active ingredients through the skin barrier, these enhancers can significantly improve the efficacy of various formulation...

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Main Authors: Sofia Brito, Moonki Baek, Bum-Ho Bin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1403
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author Sofia Brito
Moonki Baek
Bum-Ho Bin
author_facet Sofia Brito
Moonki Baek
Bum-Ho Bin
author_sort Sofia Brito
collection DOAJ
description Several industries are increasingly focused on enhancing the delivery of active ingredients through the skin to optimize therapeutic outcomes. By facilitating the penetration of active ingredients through the skin barrier, these enhancers can significantly improve the efficacy of various formulations, ranging from skincare products to therapeutic agents targeting systemic circulation. As the understanding of skin physiology and the mechanisms of drug absorption deepen, these industries are adopting permeation enhancers more widely, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and expanded treatment options. However, the structure and physiological function of the skin can vary according to different factors, such as the area of the body and between individuals. These variations, along with external environmental exposures, aging and pathological conditions, introduce complexities that must be carefully considered when designing effective delivery systems. Considering the intricacies of skin structure and physiology, tailoring systems to account for regional differences, individual variability, and changes induced by environmental factors or disease is critical to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the features of skin structure, physiology, and pathologies, as well as the application of permeation enhancers in these contexts. Furthermore, it addresses the use of animal skin models in transdermal delivery and dermatological studies, along with the latest developments in this field.
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spelling doaj-art-49b9307cfe91473b9eee80f37c4039452025-08-20T02:05:07ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-10-011611140310.3390/pharmaceutics16111403Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug DeliverySofia Brito0Moonki Baek1Bum-Ho Bin2School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of KoreaSeveral industries are increasingly focused on enhancing the delivery of active ingredients through the skin to optimize therapeutic outcomes. By facilitating the penetration of active ingredients through the skin barrier, these enhancers can significantly improve the efficacy of various formulations, ranging from skincare products to therapeutic agents targeting systemic circulation. As the understanding of skin physiology and the mechanisms of drug absorption deepen, these industries are adopting permeation enhancers more widely, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and expanded treatment options. However, the structure and physiological function of the skin can vary according to different factors, such as the area of the body and between individuals. These variations, along with external environmental exposures, aging and pathological conditions, introduce complexities that must be carefully considered when designing effective delivery systems. Considering the intricacies of skin structure and physiology, tailoring systems to account for regional differences, individual variability, and changes induced by environmental factors or disease is critical to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the features of skin structure, physiology, and pathologies, as well as the application of permeation enhancers in these contexts. Furthermore, it addresses the use of animal skin models in transdermal delivery and dermatological studies, along with the latest developments in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1403skin structureskin physiologyskin diseaseskin agingskin modelstransdermal drug delivery
spellingShingle Sofia Brito
Moonki Baek
Bum-Ho Bin
Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
Pharmaceutics
skin structure
skin physiology
skin disease
skin aging
skin models
transdermal drug delivery
title Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
title_full Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
title_fullStr Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
title_short Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
title_sort skin structure physiology and pathology in topical and transdermal drug delivery
topic skin structure
skin physiology
skin disease
skin aging
skin models
transdermal drug delivery
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1403
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