Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> frequently causes intramammary infections in dairy cows (bovine mastitis), which impair animal welfare, milk yield, and food safety. This study determined the prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>S. aureus</i> in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples fro...

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Main Authors: Nasrin Ramezanigardaloud, Igor Loncaric, Patrick Mikuni-Mester, Masoumeh Alinaghi, Monika Ehling-Schulz, Johannes Lorenz Khol, Tom Grunert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2153
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author Nasrin Ramezanigardaloud
Igor Loncaric
Patrick Mikuni-Mester
Masoumeh Alinaghi
Monika Ehling-Schulz
Johannes Lorenz Khol
Tom Grunert
author_facet Nasrin Ramezanigardaloud
Igor Loncaric
Patrick Mikuni-Mester
Masoumeh Alinaghi
Monika Ehling-Schulz
Johannes Lorenz Khol
Tom Grunert
author_sort Nasrin Ramezanigardaloud
collection DOAJ
description <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> frequently causes intramammary infections in dairy cows (bovine mastitis), which impair animal welfare, milk yield, and food safety. This study determined the prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>S. aureus</i> in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from community-based Alpine dairy pastures in Tyrol, a major milk-producing region in Austria. Throughout the 2023 Alpine season (May–September), 60.3% (94/156) of BTM samples tested positive for <i>S. aureus</i> at least once over the course of up to four samplings. A total of 140 isolates collected from the 94 <i>S. aureus</i>-positive community-based Alpine dairy pastures revealed 33 distinct <i>spa</i> types, with t2953 (<i>n</i> = 33), t529 (<i>n</i> = 12), t267 (<i>n</i> = 11), and t024 (<i>n</i> = 10) being the most common. Selected isolates representing the different <i>spa</i> types were characterised by DNA microarray-based genotyping, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Isolates with <i>spa</i> types associated with bovine-adapted CC8 (CC8bov/GTB) were identified as the most common subtype, being detected in BTM samples from 35.3% (55/156) of the pastures. This emphasises the high prevalence of this subtype in dairy herds across European Alpine countries. Other common bovine-associated subtypes were also detected, including CC97, CC151, and CC479. While antimicrobial resistance was rare, enterotoxin-producing genes were detected in all CC8bov-associated <i>spa</i> types. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of rigorous hygiene practices in dairy farming, particularly in community-based Alpine dairy pastures, where the risk of transmission is particularly high. It also emphasises the need for continued surveillance and subtyping to improve animal health, ensure food safety, and promote sustainable milk production.
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spelling doaj-art-49aeb16936a04f5ba48d237ea730fc002025-08-20T03:13:42ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011514215310.3390/ani15142153Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, AustriaNasrin Ramezanigardaloud0Igor Loncaric1Patrick Mikuni-Mester2Masoumeh Alinaghi3Monika Ehling-Schulz4Johannes Lorenz Khol5Tom Grunert6Centre of Pathobiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCentre of Pathobiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCentre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCentre of Pathobiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCentre of Pathobiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaVetmedRegio Tyrol, Clinical Centre for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCentre of Pathobiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> frequently causes intramammary infections in dairy cows (bovine mastitis), which impair animal welfare, milk yield, and food safety. This study determined the prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>S. aureus</i> in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from community-based Alpine dairy pastures in Tyrol, a major milk-producing region in Austria. Throughout the 2023 Alpine season (May–September), 60.3% (94/156) of BTM samples tested positive for <i>S. aureus</i> at least once over the course of up to four samplings. A total of 140 isolates collected from the 94 <i>S. aureus</i>-positive community-based Alpine dairy pastures revealed 33 distinct <i>spa</i> types, with t2953 (<i>n</i> = 33), t529 (<i>n</i> = 12), t267 (<i>n</i> = 11), and t024 (<i>n</i> = 10) being the most common. Selected isolates representing the different <i>spa</i> types were characterised by DNA microarray-based genotyping, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Isolates with <i>spa</i> types associated with bovine-adapted CC8 (CC8bov/GTB) were identified as the most common subtype, being detected in BTM samples from 35.3% (55/156) of the pastures. This emphasises the high prevalence of this subtype in dairy herds across European Alpine countries. Other common bovine-associated subtypes were also detected, including CC97, CC151, and CC479. While antimicrobial resistance was rare, enterotoxin-producing genes were detected in all CC8bov-associated <i>spa</i> types. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of rigorous hygiene practices in dairy farming, particularly in community-based Alpine dairy pastures, where the risk of transmission is particularly high. It also emphasises the need for continued surveillance and subtyping to improve animal health, ensure food safety, and promote sustainable milk production.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2153<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>dairy cowsbulk tank milkAlpine dairy pasturessubtyping<i>spa</i> typing
spellingShingle Nasrin Ramezanigardaloud
Igor Loncaric
Patrick Mikuni-Mester
Masoumeh Alinaghi
Monika Ehling-Schulz
Johannes Lorenz Khol
Tom Grunert
Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria
Animals
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
dairy cows
bulk tank milk
Alpine dairy pastures
subtyping
<i>spa</i> typing
title Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria
title_full Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria
title_fullStr Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria
title_short Prevalence and Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Bulk Tank Milk from Community-Based Alpine Dairy Pastures in Tyrol, Austria
title_sort prevalence and diversity of i staphylococcus aureus i in bulk tank milk from community based alpine dairy pastures in tyrol austria
topic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
dairy cows
bulk tank milk
Alpine dairy pastures
subtyping
<i>spa</i> typing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2153
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