A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation

In this study, a correction procedure for ship mass and its longitudinal location of center of gravity suitable for a simulation environment is proposed in OpenFOAM v6.0. The concept is implemented ensuring static equilibrium and an approximately zero-pitch moment on the ship before the simulation....

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Main Author: Ping-Chen Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1788
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author Ping-Chen Wu
author_facet Ping-Chen Wu
author_sort Ping-Chen Wu
collection DOAJ
description In this study, a correction procedure for ship mass and its longitudinal location of center of gravity suitable for a simulation environment is proposed in OpenFOAM v6.0. The concept is implemented ensuring static equilibrium and an approximately zero-pitch moment on the ship before the simulation. The viscous flow field around the ship in calm water is simulated using the VOF (Volume of Fluid) free surface two-phase and SST (Shear Stress Transport) <i>k</i>–<i>ω</i> turbulence models. Using static mesh, the resistance error of medium and fine grids is 4%, on average, against the experimental value. As the sinkage and trim are predicted using dynamic mesh, the increasing ship’s resistance causes larger errors, except for the container ship. Through the proposed correction, the ship’s vertical motions are significantly improved, and the resistance error decreases for the dynamic simulation. For the container ship, the error of resistance and motion achieved is less than 1%. The sinkage and trim errors improve tremendously for the tanker and bulk carrier, and the resistance errors are reduced slightly, by less than 3%. In the end, the detailed flow field is analyzed, as well as the ship wave-making pattern and the nominal wake velocity distribution, and these are compared with the measurement data available. The characteristics of the flow phenomena are successfully modeled. The resistance value for each hull form satisfies the requirement of Verification and Validation, and the uncertainty values are estimated.
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spelling doaj-art-49ae3169983e435db81b9ca2fae33b222025-08-20T02:32:37ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-05-011311178810.3390/math13111788A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance SimulationPing-Chen Wu0Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanIn this study, a correction procedure for ship mass and its longitudinal location of center of gravity suitable for a simulation environment is proposed in OpenFOAM v6.0. The concept is implemented ensuring static equilibrium and an approximately zero-pitch moment on the ship before the simulation. The viscous flow field around the ship in calm water is simulated using the VOF (Volume of Fluid) free surface two-phase and SST (Shear Stress Transport) <i>k</i>–<i>ω</i> turbulence models. Using static mesh, the resistance error of medium and fine grids is 4%, on average, against the experimental value. As the sinkage and trim are predicted using dynamic mesh, the increasing ship’s resistance causes larger errors, except for the container ship. Through the proposed correction, the ship’s vertical motions are significantly improved, and the resistance error decreases for the dynamic simulation. For the container ship, the error of resistance and motion achieved is less than 1%. The sinkage and trim errors improve tremendously for the tanker and bulk carrier, and the resistance errors are reduced slightly, by less than 3%. In the end, the detailed flow field is analyzed, as well as the ship wave-making pattern and the nominal wake velocity distribution, and these are compared with the measurement data available. The characteristics of the flow phenomena are successfully modeled. The resistance value for each hull form satisfies the requirement of Verification and Validation, and the uncertainty values are estimated.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1788resistance testCFD (computational fluid dynamics)ship motionshull formdynamic mesh
spellingShingle Ping-Chen Wu
A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation
Mathematics
resistance test
CFD (computational fluid dynamics)
ship motions
hull form
dynamic mesh
title A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation
title_full A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation
title_fullStr A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation
title_full_unstemmed A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation
title_short A CFD-Based Correction for Ship Mass and Longitudinal Center of Gravity to Improve Resistance Simulation
title_sort cfd based correction for ship mass and longitudinal center of gravity to improve resistance simulation
topic resistance test
CFD (computational fluid dynamics)
ship motions
hull form
dynamic mesh
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1788
work_keys_str_mv AT pingchenwu acfdbasedcorrectionforshipmassandlongitudinalcenterofgravitytoimproveresistancesimulation
AT pingchenwu cfdbasedcorrectionforshipmassandlongitudinalcenterofgravitytoimproveresistancesimulation