A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics

Introduction: Therapeutic footwear has been often prescribed in clinical practice for accommodating foot deformities and preventing the development of ulceration, yet scientific evidence is limited and outdated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of Orthofeet therapeutic footwe...

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Main Authors: Qiu Wang, Haibin Liu, Fan Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomechanics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7078/5/2/29
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author Qiu Wang
Haibin Liu
Fan Gao
author_facet Qiu Wang
Haibin Liu
Fan Gao
author_sort Qiu Wang
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Therapeutic footwear has been often prescribed in clinical practice for accommodating foot deformities and preventing the development of ulceration, yet scientific evidence is limited and outdated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of Orthofeet therapeutic footwear in comparison to low-cost generic as well as participants’ own athletic shoes on plantar pressure as well as lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Methods: Twenty healthy participants without foot disorders or pain walked at self-paced speeds under each of the four footwear conditions. In-shoe plantar pressures were measured using F-Scan, and the gait kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal plane were obtained. The foot was divided into eight anatomical zones and three combined zones (forefoot, mid-foot, and hind foot), with peak plantar pressures recorded in each zone. Results: The therapeutic footwear showed significantly greater ankle dorsiflexion during late midstance and less ankle plantar flexion during push-off than generic shoes. Similarly, larger ankle plantar flexor torques were shown when wearing therapeutic footwear. Therapeutic footwear modified the plantar pressure distribution, increasing the peak pressure under the big toe while slightly reducing the peak pressure under the medial heel. The participants’ own athletic shoes provided slightly distinct outcome measures yet comparable performance when compared to therapeutic footwear. Conclusions: This study suggests that therapeutic footwear offers some distinct biomechanical modifications compared with generic shoes. Future studies are needed to assess if these changes lead to meaningful clinical outcomes, such as reduced injury risk or improved foot health.
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spelling doaj-art-49a2035ee20a4acca8afa842acfeea2a2025-08-20T02:24:31ZengMDPI AGBiomechanics2673-70782025-05-01522910.3390/biomechanics5020029A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and KineticsQiu Wang0Haibin Liu1Fan Gao2Departments of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USASchool of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaDepartments of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USAIntroduction: Therapeutic footwear has been often prescribed in clinical practice for accommodating foot deformities and preventing the development of ulceration, yet scientific evidence is limited and outdated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of Orthofeet therapeutic footwear in comparison to low-cost generic as well as participants’ own athletic shoes on plantar pressure as well as lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Methods: Twenty healthy participants without foot disorders or pain walked at self-paced speeds under each of the four footwear conditions. In-shoe plantar pressures were measured using F-Scan, and the gait kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal plane were obtained. The foot was divided into eight anatomical zones and three combined zones (forefoot, mid-foot, and hind foot), with peak plantar pressures recorded in each zone. Results: The therapeutic footwear showed significantly greater ankle dorsiflexion during late midstance and less ankle plantar flexion during push-off than generic shoes. Similarly, larger ankle plantar flexor torques were shown when wearing therapeutic footwear. Therapeutic footwear modified the plantar pressure distribution, increasing the peak pressure under the big toe while slightly reducing the peak pressure under the medial heel. The participants’ own athletic shoes provided slightly distinct outcome measures yet comparable performance when compared to therapeutic footwear. Conclusions: This study suggests that therapeutic footwear offers some distinct biomechanical modifications compared with generic shoes. Future studies are needed to assess if these changes lead to meaningful clinical outcomes, such as reduced injury risk or improved foot health.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7078/5/2/29therapeutic footwearplantar pressurepressure time integralgait
spellingShingle Qiu Wang
Haibin Liu
Fan Gao
A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics
Biomechanics
therapeutic footwear
plantar pressure
pressure time integral
gait
title A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics
title_full A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics
title_fullStr A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics
title_full_unstemmed A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics
title_short A Biomechanical Comparison of Therapeutic Footwear and Athletic and Low-Cost Generic Shoes: Effects on Plantar Pressure, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Kinetics
title_sort biomechanical comparison of therapeutic footwear and athletic and low cost generic shoes effects on plantar pressure lower extremity kinematics and kinetics
topic therapeutic footwear
plantar pressure
pressure time integral
gait
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7078/5/2/29
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