Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) remains a critical target for antidiabetic drug development due to its role in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the adverse effects associated with full agonists of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, such as weight gain and hepatoto...

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Main Authors: Ayman M. Ibrahim, Mai E. Shoman, Radwa Taher Mohie el-dien, Entesar Ali Saber, Mahmoud Abdelnaser, Sherif A. Maher, Alaa M. Hayallah, Mahmoud Abdul-Aziz El-Rehany, Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03387-9
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author Ayman M. Ibrahim
Mai E. Shoman
Radwa Taher Mohie el-dien
Entesar Ali Saber
Mahmoud Abdelnaser
Sherif A. Maher
Alaa M. Hayallah
Mahmoud Abdul-Aziz El-Rehany
Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma
author_facet Ayman M. Ibrahim
Mai E. Shoman
Radwa Taher Mohie el-dien
Entesar Ali Saber
Mahmoud Abdelnaser
Sherif A. Maher
Alaa M. Hayallah
Mahmoud Abdul-Aziz El-Rehany
Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma
author_sort Ayman M. Ibrahim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) remains a critical target for antidiabetic drug development due to its role in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the adverse effects associated with full agonists of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, such as weight gain and hepatotoxicity, limit their clinical utility. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of (Z)-5-benzylidene-3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (compound 7), a novel TZD derivative that functions as a potential PPARγ modulator. Compound 7 reduced blood glucose level (BGL) by 22.33% after 15 days of treatment with a daily single oral dose, demonstrating an antidiabetic effect comparable to TZDs. Additionally, it elevated PPARγ expression to 75% of the activation level induced by Pioglitazone (PIO). Further characterization of its safety profile reveals that compound 7 is safer on the liver compared to PIO, as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels remained significantly lower (147.4 ± 4.2 IU/L and 229.9 ± 2.7 IU/L, respectively). Moreover, compound 7 exerts a protective effect on hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Computational metabolic studies predict that compound 7 does not produce toxic metabolites or undergo hydrolysis of the TZD ring, contributing to its improved safety. The docking of Compound 7 into the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) demonstrates a unique binding mode, positioning it centrally within the LBD and interacting with key amino acids critical for selective modulation. These findings emphasize the potential of compound 7 as a selective PPARγ modulator to dissociate insulin-sensitizing effects from adverse side effects, offering a safer alternative to current TZD-based therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-498ff2ab5b7444f797b50cee5bc4cdb22025-08-20T03:22:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-03387-9Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulatorAyman M. Ibrahim0Mai E. Shoman1Radwa Taher Mohie el-dien2Entesar Ali Saber3Mahmoud Abdelnaser4Sherif A. Maher5Alaa M. Hayallah6Mahmoud Abdul-Aziz El-Rehany7Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma8Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya UniversityDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia UniversityDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley UniversityDepartment of Medical science, Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, New Valley UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya UniversityAbstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) remains a critical target for antidiabetic drug development due to its role in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the adverse effects associated with full agonists of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, such as weight gain and hepatotoxicity, limit their clinical utility. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of (Z)-5-benzylidene-3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (compound 7), a novel TZD derivative that functions as a potential PPARγ modulator. Compound 7 reduced blood glucose level (BGL) by 22.33% after 15 days of treatment with a daily single oral dose, demonstrating an antidiabetic effect comparable to TZDs. Additionally, it elevated PPARγ expression to 75% of the activation level induced by Pioglitazone (PIO). Further characterization of its safety profile reveals that compound 7 is safer on the liver compared to PIO, as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels remained significantly lower (147.4 ± 4.2 IU/L and 229.9 ± 2.7 IU/L, respectively). Moreover, compound 7 exerts a protective effect on hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Computational metabolic studies predict that compound 7 does not produce toxic metabolites or undergo hydrolysis of the TZD ring, contributing to its improved safety. The docking of Compound 7 into the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) demonstrates a unique binding mode, positioning it centrally within the LBD and interacting with key amino acids critical for selective modulation. These findings emphasize the potential of compound 7 as a selective PPARγ modulator to dissociate insulin-sensitizing effects from adverse side effects, offering a safer alternative to current TZD-based therapies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03387-9QuinolineThiazolidinedionePPARγAntidiabeticSPPARMs
spellingShingle Ayman M. Ibrahim
Mai E. Shoman
Radwa Taher Mohie el-dien
Entesar Ali Saber
Mahmoud Abdelnaser
Sherif A. Maher
Alaa M. Hayallah
Mahmoud Abdul-Aziz El-Rehany
Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma
Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator
Scientific Reports
Quinoline
Thiazolidinedione
PPARγ
Antidiabetic
SPPARMs
title Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator
title_full Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator
title_fullStr Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator
title_full_unstemmed Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator
title_short Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator
title_sort design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic pparγ modulator
topic Quinoline
Thiazolidinedione
PPARγ
Antidiabetic
SPPARMs
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03387-9
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