Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding

Abstract This study investigates the effect of contact force on the friction and wear behavior of copper-graphene (Cu-CuG) nanocomposites against AISI 52,100 steel. Pin-on-disk dry sliding wear tests were conducted under normal forces of 10 and 30 N, with a sliding distance of 1000 m and a linear sp...

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Main Authors: M. Rahimi, A. R. Eivani, H. R. Jafarian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17107-w
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author M. Rahimi
A. R. Eivani
H. R. Jafarian
author_facet M. Rahimi
A. R. Eivani
H. R. Jafarian
author_sort M. Rahimi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates the effect of contact force on the friction and wear behavior of copper-graphene (Cu-CuG) nanocomposites against AISI 52,100 steel. Pin-on-disk dry sliding wear tests were conducted under normal forces of 10 and 30 N, with a sliding distance of 1000 m and a linear speed of 0.1 m/s. Worn surfaces of the Cu-CuG samples, AISI 52,100 steel counterbodies and subsurface beneath the wear track were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that normal force significantly influence wear resistance at higher ARB cycles. Cu-CuG nanocomposites fabricated after two ARB cycles exhibited the highest wear resistance compared to the initial sample, with a wear volume of 0.82 mm3 and 2.14 mm3 under 10 and 30 N force, respectively. However, increased ARB cycles led to reduced wear resistance due to delamination wear, driven by strain incompatibility and an increased number of interfaces. The coefficient of friction (CoF) was lowest after two ARB cycles (0.5) under a 10 N load, which can be attributed to the graphene’s lubricating effect. However, with additional ARB cycles, the CoF increased due to the accumulation of wear debris. Furthermore, increasing the normal load led to higher CoF values in the nanocomposites, primarily due to the enlarged contact area and greater generation of wear debris under higher contact pressures. SEM analysis of the counterbodies revealed minor abrasive wear on the AISI 52,100 steel pins, along with material transfer from the Cu-CuG composites.
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spelling doaj-art-4971ad702b9b4226b565a7f81ea30d4e2025-08-24T11:18:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-17107-wFriction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bondingM. Rahimi0A. R. Eivani1H. R. Jafarian2School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of ScienceSchool of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of ScienceSchool of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of ScienceAbstract This study investigates the effect of contact force on the friction and wear behavior of copper-graphene (Cu-CuG) nanocomposites against AISI 52,100 steel. Pin-on-disk dry sliding wear tests were conducted under normal forces of 10 and 30 N, with a sliding distance of 1000 m and a linear speed of 0.1 m/s. Worn surfaces of the Cu-CuG samples, AISI 52,100 steel counterbodies and subsurface beneath the wear track were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that normal force significantly influence wear resistance at higher ARB cycles. Cu-CuG nanocomposites fabricated after two ARB cycles exhibited the highest wear resistance compared to the initial sample, with a wear volume of 0.82 mm3 and 2.14 mm3 under 10 and 30 N force, respectively. However, increased ARB cycles led to reduced wear resistance due to delamination wear, driven by strain incompatibility and an increased number of interfaces. The coefficient of friction (CoF) was lowest after two ARB cycles (0.5) under a 10 N load, which can be attributed to the graphene’s lubricating effect. However, with additional ARB cycles, the CoF increased due to the accumulation of wear debris. Furthermore, increasing the normal load led to higher CoF values in the nanocomposites, primarily due to the enlarged contact area and greater generation of wear debris under higher contact pressures. SEM analysis of the counterbodies revealed minor abrasive wear on the AISI 52,100 steel pins, along with material transfer from the Cu-CuG composites.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17107-wAccumulative roll bondingTribological testingCopper-graphene nanocompositesAISI 52100 steel
spellingShingle M. Rahimi
A. R. Eivani
H. R. Jafarian
Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
Scientific Reports
Accumulative roll bonding
Tribological testing
Copper-graphene nanocomposites
AISI 52100 steel
title Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
title_full Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
title_fullStr Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
title_full_unstemmed Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
title_short Friction and wear properties of Cu-CuG nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
title_sort friction and wear properties of cu cug nanocomposite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding
topic Accumulative roll bonding
Tribological testing
Copper-graphene nanocomposites
AISI 52100 steel
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17107-w
work_keys_str_mv AT mrahimi frictionandwearpropertiesofcucugnanocompositefabricatedbyaccumulativerollbonding
AT areivani frictionandwearpropertiesofcucugnanocompositefabricatedbyaccumulativerollbonding
AT hrjafarian frictionandwearpropertiesofcucugnanocompositefabricatedbyaccumulativerollbonding