Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China

Background: China is experiencing an accelerated aging process, with an increasing number of elderly individuals suffering from chronic diseases. The association between hypertension, its comorbidities, and dementia in the elderly requires further investigation. Objective: To explore the prevalence...

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Main Authors: Qian-qian Nie, Gui-rong Cheng, Dan Song, Jing-yao Li, Lang Xu, Li-juan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-04-01
Series:Chinese General Practice Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950559325000069
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author Qian-qian Nie
Gui-rong Cheng
Dan Song
Jing-yao Li
Lang Xu
Li-juan Zhang
author_facet Qian-qian Nie
Gui-rong Cheng
Dan Song
Jing-yao Li
Lang Xu
Li-juan Zhang
author_sort Qian-qian Nie
collection DOAJ
description Background: China is experiencing an accelerated aging process, with an increasing number of elderly individuals suffering from chronic diseases. The association between hypertension, its comorbidities, and dementia in the elderly requires further investigation. Objective: To explore the prevalence of hypertension and its comorbidities in community dwelling older adults and their correlation with dementia, providing a reference for dementia prevention. Methods: This study utilized cross-sectional data from the 2018–2023 China Multicenter Dementia Survey (CMDS), which included demographic, chronic disease, and cognitive function assessments of 14,732 elderly individuals aged 65 and above. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the correlation between hypertension, its comorbidities, and dementia. Results: Among the 14,732 elderly participants, 8,293 (56.3 %) had two or more comorbidities, and 7,786 (52.9 %) had hypertension with comorbidities. Of these, 2,569 (17.4 %) had one comorbidity, 2,064 (14.0 %) had two, 1,018 (6.9 %) had three, and 443 (3.0 %) had four. Dementia was present in 1,111 (7.5 %) participants. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of dementia in individuals with hypertension was 1.516 times higher (95 % CI: 1.014–2.267) compared to those without hypertension. The risks of dementia for individuals with 1–4 comorbidities were 1.879 times (95 % CI: 1.312–2.692), 2.071 times (95 % CI: 1.428–3.004), 2.338 times (95 % CI: 1.612–3.392), and 2.591 times (95 % CI: 1.634–4.108), respectively. The highest risk (2.550 times, 95 % CI: 1.384–4.700) was observed in those with hypertension and cerebrovascular dementia. Stratified by gender and age, dementia risk increased significantly with the number of comorbidities, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The highest risks for males and females with hypertension and cerebrovascular dementia were 2.842 (95 % CI: 1.095–7.375) and 2.348 (95 % CI: 1.060–5.203), respectively. For individuals aged under 75 years, the highest risk was associated with hypertension and diabetes (OR=2.833, 95 % CI: 1.046–7.675), while for those aged 75 and above, hypertension combined with cerebrovascular disease showed the highest risk (OR=2.707, 95 % CI: 1.168–6.273). Among individuals with two comorbidities, hypertension with heart disease and cerebrovascular disease had the highest dementia prevalence (OR=3.559, 95 % CI: 1.338–9.468). In those with three comorbidities, hypertension combined with heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and autonomic dysfunction had the highest dementia prevalence (OR=3.881, 95 % CI: 1.736–8.677). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and its comorbidities is high among the elderly in China, and the risk of dementia is significantly increased in those with hypertension and its comorbidities. This risk shows variations based on age and gender.
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spelling doaj-art-496c4778de4e40238fb189b520eb53de2025-08-20T03:21:16ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Chinese General Practice Journal2950-55932025-04-012110004910.1016/j.cgpj.2025.100049Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in ChinaQian-qian Nie0Gui-rong Cheng1Dan Song2Jing-yao Li3Lang Xu4Li-juan Zhang5Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Yangluo Campus, Wuhan 431400, PR China; Corresponding author.Background: China is experiencing an accelerated aging process, with an increasing number of elderly individuals suffering from chronic diseases. The association between hypertension, its comorbidities, and dementia in the elderly requires further investigation. Objective: To explore the prevalence of hypertension and its comorbidities in community dwelling older adults and their correlation with dementia, providing a reference for dementia prevention. Methods: This study utilized cross-sectional data from the 2018–2023 China Multicenter Dementia Survey (CMDS), which included demographic, chronic disease, and cognitive function assessments of 14,732 elderly individuals aged 65 and above. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the correlation between hypertension, its comorbidities, and dementia. Results: Among the 14,732 elderly participants, 8,293 (56.3 %) had two or more comorbidities, and 7,786 (52.9 %) had hypertension with comorbidities. Of these, 2,569 (17.4 %) had one comorbidity, 2,064 (14.0 %) had two, 1,018 (6.9 %) had three, and 443 (3.0 %) had four. Dementia was present in 1,111 (7.5 %) participants. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of dementia in individuals with hypertension was 1.516 times higher (95 % CI: 1.014–2.267) compared to those without hypertension. The risks of dementia for individuals with 1–4 comorbidities were 1.879 times (95 % CI: 1.312–2.692), 2.071 times (95 % CI: 1.428–3.004), 2.338 times (95 % CI: 1.612–3.392), and 2.591 times (95 % CI: 1.634–4.108), respectively. The highest risk (2.550 times, 95 % CI: 1.384–4.700) was observed in those with hypertension and cerebrovascular dementia. Stratified by gender and age, dementia risk increased significantly with the number of comorbidities, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The highest risks for males and females with hypertension and cerebrovascular dementia were 2.842 (95 % CI: 1.095–7.375) and 2.348 (95 % CI: 1.060–5.203), respectively. For individuals aged under 75 years, the highest risk was associated with hypertension and diabetes (OR=2.833, 95 % CI: 1.046–7.675), while for those aged 75 and above, hypertension combined with cerebrovascular disease showed the highest risk (OR=2.707, 95 % CI: 1.168–6.273). Among individuals with two comorbidities, hypertension with heart disease and cerebrovascular disease had the highest dementia prevalence (OR=3.559, 95 % CI: 1.338–9.468). In those with three comorbidities, hypertension combined with heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and autonomic dysfunction had the highest dementia prevalence (OR=3.881, 95 % CI: 1.736–8.677). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and its comorbidities is high among the elderly in China, and the risk of dementia is significantly increased in those with hypertension and its comorbidities. This risk shows variations based on age and gender.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950559325000069HypertensionDementiaComorbiditiesOdds ratioElderly people
spellingShingle Qian-qian Nie
Gui-rong Cheng
Dan Song
Jing-yao Li
Lang Xu
Li-juan Zhang
Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China
Chinese General Practice Journal
Hypertension
Dementia
Comorbidities
Odds ratio
Elderly people
title Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China
title_full Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China
title_fullStr Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China
title_full_unstemmed Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China
title_short Study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in China
title_sort study on the relationship between hypertension and its comorbidities and dementia in community dwelling older adults in china
topic Hypertension
Dementia
Comorbidities
Odds ratio
Elderly people
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950559325000069
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