Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data

Free-range egg production plays a key role in the global food system, and current market trends suggest that consumer demand for free-range eggs will continue to rise. Free-range egg production is susceptible to a wide range of factors, including climatic conditions, management practices, and diseas...

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Main Authors: Yusuf Adewale Adejola, Terence Zimazile Sibanda, Isabelle Ruhnke, Johan Boshoff, Saluna Pokhrel, Mitchell Welch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/7/743
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author Yusuf Adewale Adejola
Terence Zimazile Sibanda
Isabelle Ruhnke
Johan Boshoff
Saluna Pokhrel
Mitchell Welch
author_facet Yusuf Adewale Adejola
Terence Zimazile Sibanda
Isabelle Ruhnke
Johan Boshoff
Saluna Pokhrel
Mitchell Welch
author_sort Yusuf Adewale Adejola
collection DOAJ
description Free-range egg production plays a key role in the global food system, and current market trends suggest that consumer demand for free-range eggs will continue to rise. Free-range egg production is susceptible to a wide range of factors, including climatic conditions, management practices, and disease presence. These factors can cause variability in the laying rate of a flock over time, leading to fluctuations in egg production. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of short-term free-range egg production losses using data derived from a combination of sensing technologies and management activities. Production and environmental data were collected from a commercial farm comprising seven flocks of laying hens. The variables studied included laying rate, feed intake, water intake, solar radiation, humidity, precipitation, and indoor/outdoor temperature. These were processed into a set of aggregate features calculated across a 14-day moving window. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between the derived production and environmental features and the probability of a short-term drop in egg production, expressed through deviations in the laying rate on the day immediately following the data window. Odds ratios were used to express the relative risk of a production drop by comparing the features for window periods where production drops occur to the window periods where production drops did not occur. The results demonstrated that a range of data features based on the laying rate, feed intake, water intake, and indoor/outdoor temperatures all had significant associations with the odds of a production drop. Key findings from the study show that an increase in feed intake and laying rate measured across the 14-day data window were correlated with a lower risk of a sudden drop in egg production. Conversely, a low mean indoor temperature (<i>x</i> < 16.1 °C group), measured through environmental sensing data, was correlated with a higher risk of a sudden drop in egg production. This study quantifies the link between data features derived from production and environmental monitoring and egg production issues, thereby providing useful insights on the most important data items captured through day-to-day monitoring, which can be used for proactive management. Further research should be carried out to investigate how technologies such as machine learning and analytics platforms can be applied for the task of forecasting production interruptions using the data features explored in this study.
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spelling doaj-art-49615bc87eca4e94b515ff24bfcbb97b2025-08-20T02:09:12ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-03-0115774310.3390/agriculture15070743Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial DataYusuf Adewale Adejola0Terence Zimazile Sibanda1Isabelle Ruhnke2Johan Boshoff3Saluna Pokhrel4Mitchell Welch5School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaSchool of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaComputational Analytics Software Informatics, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaSchool of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaFree-range egg production plays a key role in the global food system, and current market trends suggest that consumer demand for free-range eggs will continue to rise. Free-range egg production is susceptible to a wide range of factors, including climatic conditions, management practices, and disease presence. These factors can cause variability in the laying rate of a flock over time, leading to fluctuations in egg production. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of short-term free-range egg production losses using data derived from a combination of sensing technologies and management activities. Production and environmental data were collected from a commercial farm comprising seven flocks of laying hens. The variables studied included laying rate, feed intake, water intake, solar radiation, humidity, precipitation, and indoor/outdoor temperature. These were processed into a set of aggregate features calculated across a 14-day moving window. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between the derived production and environmental features and the probability of a short-term drop in egg production, expressed through deviations in the laying rate on the day immediately following the data window. Odds ratios were used to express the relative risk of a production drop by comparing the features for window periods where production drops occur to the window periods where production drops did not occur. The results demonstrated that a range of data features based on the laying rate, feed intake, water intake, and indoor/outdoor temperatures all had significant associations with the odds of a production drop. Key findings from the study show that an increase in feed intake and laying rate measured across the 14-day data window were correlated with a lower risk of a sudden drop in egg production. Conversely, a low mean indoor temperature (<i>x</i> < 16.1 °C group), measured through environmental sensing data, was correlated with a higher risk of a sudden drop in egg production. This study quantifies the link between data features derived from production and environmental monitoring and egg production issues, thereby providing useful insights on the most important data items captured through day-to-day monitoring, which can be used for proactive management. Further research should be carried out to investigate how technologies such as machine learning and analytics platforms can be applied for the task of forecasting production interruptions using the data features explored in this study.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/7/743commercial dataweather datarisk modelinglaying ratepoultrylaying hen
spellingShingle Yusuf Adewale Adejola
Terence Zimazile Sibanda
Isabelle Ruhnke
Johan Boshoff
Saluna Pokhrel
Mitchell Welch
Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data
Agriculture
commercial data
weather data
risk modeling
laying rate
poultry
laying hen
title Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data
title_full Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data
title_fullStr Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data
title_short Analyzing the Risk of Short-Term Losses in Free-Range Egg Production Using Commercial Data
title_sort analyzing the risk of short term losses in free range egg production using commercial data
topic commercial data
weather data
risk modeling
laying rate
poultry
laying hen
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/7/743
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AT johanboshoff analyzingtheriskofshorttermlossesinfreerangeeggproductionusingcommercialdata
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