The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves
Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of failed transfer of passive immunity (FPI; Brix% < 8, equivalent to serum immunoglobulin G <10.1 g/L) and agammaglobulinemia (AG; Brix% ≤ 6.5, equal to 0 g/L serum immunoglobulin G) assessed with a digital Brix refractometer on the occurrence of pre-wean...
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research |
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| Online Access: | https://sjar.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/20913 |
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| author | Mely T. Olivera Jesús Mellado José E. García Juan A. Encina Perpetuo Álvarez Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño Miguel Mellado |
| author_facet | Mely T. Olivera Jesús Mellado José E. García Juan A. Encina Perpetuo Álvarez Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño Miguel Mellado |
| author_sort | Mely T. Olivera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of failed transfer of passive immunity (FPI; Brix% < 8, equivalent to serum
immunoglobulin G <10.1 g/L) and agammaglobulinemia (AG; Brix% ≤ 6.5, equal to 0 g/L serum immunoglobulin G) assessed with a digital Brix refractometer on the occurrence of pre-weaning diarrhea, pneumonia and mortality in Holstein female calves.
Area of Study: Hot-arid zone of northern Mexico (25 °N).
Material and methods: Health events and mortality records were obtained from Holstein calves (n = 4,349) in a large commercial dairy herd. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to model the effect of the failure of passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulins or AG on preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality of Holstein calves.
Main results: Calves with FPI 24 h post-calving had 1.9 greater odds of presenting preweaning diarrhea than herdmates not having FPI. Agammaglobulinemic calves were 2.6 times more likely to suffer preweaning diarrhea than calves not having this condition. Calves with FPI had 1.4 greater odds of having preweaning pneumonia than calves not presenting FPI. Calves with AG were 2.1 times more likely to get pneumonia than those with no AG. Episodes of diarrhea predisposed calves to pneumonia (odds ratio= 3.8). The odds of dying before 60 days of age were 1.9 times higher in calves with FPI.
Research highlights: These results reaffirm that FPI and AG 24 h post-calving increase the risk of preweaning diarrhea and pneumonia; also, diarrhea is a significant risk factor for pneumonia. These diseases alone or co-occurring in the calves markedly increase preweaning mortality.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-495f8a91ef6d4c98b0eb2f40f9ab04a6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1695-971X 2171-9292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-495f8a91ef6d4c98b0eb2f40f9ab04a62025-01-31T10:29:47ZengConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research1695-971X2171-92922025-01-0122410.5424/sjar/2024224-20913The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calvesMely T. Olivera0Jesús Mellado1José E. García2Juan A. Encina3Perpetuo Álvarez4Ulises Macías-Cruz5Leonel Avendaño6Miguel Mellado7Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, MexicoDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, MexicoDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, MexicoDepartment of Renewable Natural Resources, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, MexicoDepartment of Renewable Natural Resources, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, MexicoInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, MexicoInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, MexicoDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of failed transfer of passive immunity (FPI; Brix% < 8, equivalent to serum immunoglobulin G <10.1 g/L) and agammaglobulinemia (AG; Brix% ≤ 6.5, equal to 0 g/L serum immunoglobulin G) assessed with a digital Brix refractometer on the occurrence of pre-weaning diarrhea, pneumonia and mortality in Holstein female calves. Area of Study: Hot-arid zone of northern Mexico (25 °N). Material and methods: Health events and mortality records were obtained from Holstein calves (n = 4,349) in a large commercial dairy herd. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to model the effect of the failure of passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulins or AG on preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality of Holstein calves. Main results: Calves with FPI 24 h post-calving had 1.9 greater odds of presenting preweaning diarrhea than herdmates not having FPI. Agammaglobulinemic calves were 2.6 times more likely to suffer preweaning diarrhea than calves not having this condition. Calves with FPI had 1.4 greater odds of having preweaning pneumonia than calves not presenting FPI. Calves with AG were 2.1 times more likely to get pneumonia than those with no AG. Episodes of diarrhea predisposed calves to pneumonia (odds ratio= 3.8). The odds of dying before 60 days of age were 1.9 times higher in calves with FPI. Research highlights: These results reaffirm that FPI and AG 24 h post-calving increase the risk of preweaning diarrhea and pneumonia; also, diarrhea is a significant risk factor for pneumonia. These diseases alone or co-occurring in the calves markedly increase preweaning mortality. https://sjar.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/20913dairy calfepidemiologyimmunoglobulinpassive transferrefractometer |
| spellingShingle | Mely T. Olivera Jesús Mellado José E. García Juan A. Encina Perpetuo Álvarez Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño Miguel Mellado The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research dairy calf epidemiology immunoglobulin passive transfer refractometer |
| title | The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves |
| title_full | The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves |
| title_fullStr | The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves |
| title_short | The effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea, pneumonia, and mortality in Holstein calves |
| title_sort | effect of failed transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinemia on the occurrence of preweaning diarrhea pneumonia and mortality in holstein calves |
| topic | dairy calf epidemiology immunoglobulin passive transfer refractometer |
| url | https://sjar.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/20913 |
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