<i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity
The present study is the first report on the chemical and enantiomeric compositions of essential oils from the Ecuadorian species <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. All the volatile fractio...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Yessenia E. Maldonado María del Carmen Rodríguez María Emilia Bustamante Stefanny Cuenca Omar Malagón Nixon Cumbicus Gianluca Gilardoni |
| author_facet | Yessenia E. Maldonado María del Carmen Rodríguez María Emilia Bustamante Stefanny Cuenca Omar Malagón Nixon Cumbicus Gianluca Gilardoni |
| author_sort | Yessenia E. Maldonado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study is the first report on the chemical and enantiomeric compositions of essential oils from the Ecuadorian species <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. All the volatile fractions presented a sesquiterpene-based chemical profile, typical of other volatile fractions from this genus. Both qualitative (GC-MS) and quantitative (GC-FID) chemical analyses were carried out on two stationary phases of different polarity (non-polar and polar). The main constituents of <i>G. hallii</i> essential oil on the two columns, respectively, were α-pinene (33.6–31.5%), (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene (6.2–6.4%), germacrene D (35.7–38.3%), and bicyclogermacrene (3.8–4.0%). In <i>G. calyculisolvens</i>, the major compounds were α-pinene (11.2–11.0%), <i>p</i>-cymene (4.0–3.7%), α-copaene (3.6–3.7%), (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene (8.1–8.3%), germacrene D (20.8–22.0%), and germacrene D-4-ol (8.4–8.6%). Finally, the main components of <i>G. azuayensis</i> were α-pinene (4.5–4.1%), germacrene D (14.1–12.4%), bicyclogermacrene (2.6–3.0%), tridecanal (6.4–6.2%), and spathulenol (7.8–7.1%). Furthermore, enantioselective analyses were conducted on the three volatile fractions, using two stationary phases based on β-cyclodextrins. As a result, twelve chiral components were investigated, detecting both enantiomerically pure compounds and scalemic mixtures with various enantiomeric excess. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-494ddf5bbeb14f80b3e3cb56acd56a32 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-494ddf5bbeb14f80b3e3cb56acd56a322025-08-20T02:59:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114565910.3390/plants14050659<i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian BiodiversityYessenia E. Maldonado0María del Carmen Rodríguez1María Emilia Bustamante2Stefanny Cuenca3Omar Malagón4Nixon Cumbicus5Gianluca Gilardoni6Programa de Doctorado en Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorCarrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorCarrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorCarrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorDepartamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorDepartamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorDepartamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Paris s/n y Praga, Loja 110107, EcuadorThe present study is the first report on the chemical and enantiomeric compositions of essential oils from the Ecuadorian species <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. All the volatile fractions presented a sesquiterpene-based chemical profile, typical of other volatile fractions from this genus. Both qualitative (GC-MS) and quantitative (GC-FID) chemical analyses were carried out on two stationary phases of different polarity (non-polar and polar). The main constituents of <i>G. hallii</i> essential oil on the two columns, respectively, were α-pinene (33.6–31.5%), (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene (6.2–6.4%), germacrene D (35.7–38.3%), and bicyclogermacrene (3.8–4.0%). In <i>G. calyculisolvens</i>, the major compounds were α-pinene (11.2–11.0%), <i>p</i>-cymene (4.0–3.7%), α-copaene (3.6–3.7%), (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene (8.1–8.3%), germacrene D (20.8–22.0%), and germacrene D-4-ol (8.4–8.6%). Finally, the main components of <i>G. azuayensis</i> were α-pinene (4.5–4.1%), germacrene D (14.1–12.4%), bicyclogermacrene (2.6–3.0%), tridecanal (6.4–6.2%), and spathulenol (7.8–7.1%). Furthermore, enantioselective analyses were conducted on the three volatile fractions, using two stationary phases based on β-cyclodextrins. As a result, twelve chiral components were investigated, detecting both enantiomerically pure compounds and scalemic mixtures with various enantiomeric excess.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/659Asteraceaeenantiomerschiral separationgas chromatographymass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Yessenia E. Maldonado María del Carmen Rodríguez María Emilia Bustamante Stefanny Cuenca Omar Malagón Nixon Cumbicus Gianluca Gilardoni <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity Plants Asteraceae enantiomers chiral separation gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
| title | <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity |
| title_full | <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity |
| title_fullStr | <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity |
| title_short | <i>Gynoxys hallii</i> Hieron., <i>Gynoxys calyculisolvens</i> Hieron., and <i>Gynoxys azuayensis</i> Cuatrec. Essential Oils—Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses of Three Unprecedented Volatile Fractions from the Ecuadorian Biodiversity |
| title_sort | i gynoxys hallii i hieron i gynoxys calyculisolvens i hieron and i gynoxys azuayensis i cuatrec essential oils chemical and enantioselective analyses of three unprecedented volatile fractions from the ecuadorian biodiversity |
| topic | Asteraceae enantiomers chiral separation gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/659 |
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