The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study

Abstract Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, several clinical studies demonstrated an inverse association between LDL-C and mortality risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), known as the lipid...

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Main Authors: Guyu Zeng, Ce Zhang, Ying Song, Zheng Zhang, Jingjing Xu, Zhenyu Liu, Xiaofang Tang, Xiaozeng Wang, Yan Chen, Yongzhen Zhang, Pei Zhu, Xiaogang Guo, Lin Jiang, Zhifang Wang, Ru Liu, Qingsheng Wang, Yi Yao, Yingqing Feng, Yaling Han, Jinqing Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03823-z
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author Guyu Zeng
Ce Zhang
Ying Song
Zheng Zhang
Jingjing Xu
Zhenyu Liu
Xiaofang Tang
Xiaozeng Wang
Yan Chen
Yongzhen Zhang
Pei Zhu
Xiaogang Guo
Lin Jiang
Zhifang Wang
Ru Liu
Qingsheng Wang
Yi Yao
Yingqing Feng
Yaling Han
Jinqing Yuan
author_facet Guyu Zeng
Ce Zhang
Ying Song
Zheng Zhang
Jingjing Xu
Zhenyu Liu
Xiaofang Tang
Xiaozeng Wang
Yan Chen
Yongzhen Zhang
Pei Zhu
Xiaogang Guo
Lin Jiang
Zhifang Wang
Ru Liu
Qingsheng Wang
Yi Yao
Yingqing Feng
Yaling Han
Jinqing Yuan
author_sort Guyu Zeng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, several clinical studies demonstrated an inverse association between LDL-C and mortality risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), known as the lipid paradox. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of inflammation on the association between LDL-C levels and mortality risks. Methods A total of 5244 patients with AMI from a large nationwide prospective cohort were included in our analysis. Patients were stratified according to LDL-C quartiles. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was cardiac mortality. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) > 3 mg/L was defined as high inflammatory risk. Results During a median follow-up of 2.07 years, 297 mortality events (5.5%) and 227 cardiac mortality events (4.2%) occurred. Patients in the lowest LDL-C quartile had the highest incidence of all-cause mortality (7.3%) and cardiac mortality (5.8%). A U-shaped association between LDL-C levels and mortality risk was observed after multivariable adjustment, which persisted only in patients with high hsCRP levels. In contrast, a linear association between LDL-C and mortality risk was shown in patients with low hsCRP levels. Conclusions AMI patients with lower LDL-C levels had a higher risk of mortality. However, this association was only observed in those with high inflammatory risk. In contrast, the relationship between LDL-C and mortality risk was linear in patients with low inflammatory risk. This suggests the importance of considering inflammation when managing LDL-C levels in AMI patients.
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spelling doaj-art-494b4f55bded4ed18cc7e0718cfbff422025-08-20T02:43:36ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-12-0122111110.1186/s12916-024-03823-zThe potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter studyGuyu Zeng0Ce Zhang1Ying Song2Zheng Zhang3Jingjing Xu4Zhenyu Liu5Xiaofang Tang6Xiaozeng Wang7Yan Chen8Yongzhen Zhang9Pei Zhu10Xiaogang Guo11Lin Jiang12Zhifang Wang13Ru Liu14Qingsheng Wang15Yi Yao16Yingqing Feng17Yaling Han18Jinqing Yuan19National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, Peking University Third HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, Xinxiang Central HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, The First Hospital of QinHuangDaoNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandNational Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeAbstract Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, several clinical studies demonstrated an inverse association between LDL-C and mortality risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), known as the lipid paradox. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of inflammation on the association between LDL-C levels and mortality risks. Methods A total of 5244 patients with AMI from a large nationwide prospective cohort were included in our analysis. Patients were stratified according to LDL-C quartiles. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was cardiac mortality. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) > 3 mg/L was defined as high inflammatory risk. Results During a median follow-up of 2.07 years, 297 mortality events (5.5%) and 227 cardiac mortality events (4.2%) occurred. Patients in the lowest LDL-C quartile had the highest incidence of all-cause mortality (7.3%) and cardiac mortality (5.8%). A U-shaped association between LDL-C levels and mortality risk was observed after multivariable adjustment, which persisted only in patients with high hsCRP levels. In contrast, a linear association between LDL-C and mortality risk was shown in patients with low hsCRP levels. Conclusions AMI patients with lower LDL-C levels had a higher risk of mortality. However, this association was only observed in those with high inflammatory risk. In contrast, the relationship between LDL-C and mortality risk was linear in patients with low inflammatory risk. This suggests the importance of considering inflammation when managing LDL-C levels in AMI patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03823-zLipid paradoxInflammationMyocardial infarctionLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol
spellingShingle Guyu Zeng
Ce Zhang
Ying Song
Zheng Zhang
Jingjing Xu
Zhenyu Liu
Xiaofang Tang
Xiaozeng Wang
Yan Chen
Yongzhen Zhang
Pei Zhu
Xiaogang Guo
Lin Jiang
Zhifang Wang
Ru Liu
Qingsheng Wang
Yi Yao
Yingqing Feng
Yaling Han
Jinqing Yuan
The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study
BMC Medicine
Lipid paradox
Inflammation
Myocardial infarction
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
title The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study
title_full The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study
title_fullStr The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study
title_full_unstemmed The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study
title_short The potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter study
title_sort potential impact of inflammation on the lipid paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction a multicenter study
topic Lipid paradox
Inflammation
Myocardial infarction
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03823-z
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