In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics
Abstract Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate‐bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ‐formed, more biocompatible...
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408628 |
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| author | Fredrik Ek Tobias Abrahamsson Marios Savvakis Stefan Bormann Abdelrazek H. Mousa Muhammad Anwar Shameem Karin Hellman Amit Singh Yadav Lazaro Hiram Betancourt Peter Ekström Jennifer Y. Gerasimov Daniel T. Simon György Marko‐Varga Martin Hjort Magnus Berggren Xenofon Strakosas Roger Olsson |
| author_facet | Fredrik Ek Tobias Abrahamsson Marios Savvakis Stefan Bormann Abdelrazek H. Mousa Muhammad Anwar Shameem Karin Hellman Amit Singh Yadav Lazaro Hiram Betancourt Peter Ekström Jennifer Y. Gerasimov Daniel T. Simon György Marko‐Varga Martin Hjort Magnus Berggren Xenofon Strakosas Roger Olsson |
| author_sort | Fredrik Ek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate‐bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ‐formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT‐trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy‐1‐sulfonate (PEDOT‐S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5–30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers‐on‐layer circuits in vivo. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-492047dc8c414070b4db7c2aad7baec4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-492047dc8c414070b4db7c2aad7baec42024-12-27T13:00:47ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442024-12-011148n/an/a10.1002/advs.202408628In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for BioelectronicsFredrik Ek0Tobias Abrahamsson1Marios Savvakis2Stefan Bormann3Abdelrazek H. Mousa4Muhammad Anwar Shameem5Karin Hellman6Amit Singh Yadav7Lazaro Hiram Betancourt8Peter Ekström9Jennifer Y. Gerasimov10Daniel T. Simon11György Marko‐Varga12Martin Hjort13Magnus Berggren14Xenofon Strakosas15Roger Olsson16Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenLaboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 SwedenLaboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 SwedenChemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SE‐405 30 SwedenDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SE‐405 30 SwedenChemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenChemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenDivision of Oncology Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenChemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenLaboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 SwedenLaboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 SwedenDivision of Oncology Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenChemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenLaboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 SwedenLaboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 SwedenChemical Biology & Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund SE‐221 84 SwedenAbstract Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate‐bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ‐formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT‐trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy‐1‐sulfonate (PEDOT‐S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5–30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers‐on‐layer circuits in vivo.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408628biocompatibility, bioelectronicsin vivophotolithographyphotopolymerization |
| spellingShingle | Fredrik Ek Tobias Abrahamsson Marios Savvakis Stefan Bormann Abdelrazek H. Mousa Muhammad Anwar Shameem Karin Hellman Amit Singh Yadav Lazaro Hiram Betancourt Peter Ekström Jennifer Y. Gerasimov Daniel T. Simon György Marko‐Varga Martin Hjort Magnus Berggren Xenofon Strakosas Roger Olsson In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics Advanced Science biocompatibility, bioelectronics in vivo photolithography photopolymerization |
| title | In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics |
| title_full | In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics |
| title_short | In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics |
| title_sort | in vivo photopolymerization achieving detailed conducting patterns for bioelectronics |
| topic | biocompatibility, bioelectronics in vivo photolithography photopolymerization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408628 |
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