Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities

ABSTRACT Pollinators are exposed to metals while foraging in the landscape and accumulate detectable concentrations of trace metals within their bodies, although major exposure routes remain unclear. As nectar is the main source of food for pollinators, we analyzed trace metal content within floral...

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Main Authors: Sarah B. Scott, Mary M. Gardiner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71238
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author Sarah B. Scott
Mary M. Gardiner
author_facet Sarah B. Scott
Mary M. Gardiner
author_sort Sarah B. Scott
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Pollinators are exposed to metals while foraging in the landscape and accumulate detectable concentrations of trace metals within their bodies, although major exposure routes remain unclear. As nectar is the main source of food for pollinators, we analyzed trace metal content within floral rewards to identify if nectar contained detectable metals and may serve as an oral exposure route. Nectar from flowering plant species growing within vacant lots in the city of Cleveland, OH, USA was extracted using a centrifuge and tested for the metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead using ICP‐MS. We collected volunteer flower species that are common pollinator forage plants. Nectar metal content varied by plant and metal species, but not by location. Nectar arsenic concentrations ranged from 0 to 8.44 μg/L, cadmium from 0 to 32.99 μg/L, chromium from 0 to 45.69 μg/L, and lead from 0 to 135.31 μg/L. The presence of these soil contaminants in nectar indicates that the uptake and concentration of metals within nectar resources is likely a major route of metal exposure for pollinators and nectar‐feeding animals.
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spelling doaj-art-48ff11eb15224a74b6ec5b18d5a6ae1e2025-08-20T03:24:16ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-04-01154n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71238Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in CitiesSarah B. Scott0Mary M. Gardiner1Department of Entomology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Entomology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USAABSTRACT Pollinators are exposed to metals while foraging in the landscape and accumulate detectable concentrations of trace metals within their bodies, although major exposure routes remain unclear. As nectar is the main source of food for pollinators, we analyzed trace metal content within floral rewards to identify if nectar contained detectable metals and may serve as an oral exposure route. Nectar from flowering plant species growing within vacant lots in the city of Cleveland, OH, USA was extracted using a centrifuge and tested for the metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead using ICP‐MS. We collected volunteer flower species that are common pollinator forage plants. Nectar metal content varied by plant and metal species, but not by location. Nectar arsenic concentrations ranged from 0 to 8.44 μg/L, cadmium from 0 to 32.99 μg/L, chromium from 0 to 45.69 μg/L, and lead from 0 to 135.31 μg/L. The presence of these soil contaminants in nectar indicates that the uptake and concentration of metals within nectar resources is likely a major route of metal exposure for pollinators and nectar‐feeding animals.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71238metal exposure routespollinator conservationpollinator foragingtrace metal contaminationurban greenspaces
spellingShingle Sarah B. Scott
Mary M. Gardiner
Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities
Ecology and Evolution
metal exposure routes
pollinator conservation
pollinator foraging
trace metal contamination
urban greenspaces
title Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities
title_full Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities
title_fullStr Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities
title_full_unstemmed Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities
title_short Trace Metals in Nectar of Important Urban Pollinator Forage Plants: A Direct Exposure Risk to Pollinators and Nectar‐Feeding Animals in Cities
title_sort trace metals in nectar of important urban pollinator forage plants a direct exposure risk to pollinators and nectar feeding animals in cities
topic metal exposure routes
pollinator conservation
pollinator foraging
trace metal contamination
urban greenspaces
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71238
work_keys_str_mv AT sarahbscott tracemetalsinnectarofimportanturbanpollinatorforageplantsadirectexposurerisktopollinatorsandnectarfeedinganimalsincities
AT marymgardiner tracemetalsinnectarofimportanturbanpollinatorforageplantsadirectexposurerisktopollinatorsandnectarfeedinganimalsincities