Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design

A lot of research has been done on single bridge piers using experimental, numerical or database-driven models. However, there have not been many studies on groups of piers placed next to each other in the cross-flow direction. This is important for bridge design, especially with increased traffic a...

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Main Authors: Buddhadev Nandi, Subhasish Das
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Next Sustainability
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949823625000376
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author Buddhadev Nandi
Subhasish Das
author_facet Buddhadev Nandi
Subhasish Das
author_sort Buddhadev Nandi
collection DOAJ
description A lot of research has been done on single bridge piers using experimental, numerical or database-driven models. However, there have not been many studies on groups of piers placed next to each other in the cross-flow direction. This is important for bridge design, especially with increased traffic and new bridge structures being built. Closely spaced piers often have to be placed side by side to meet the growing traffic demand. This paper reviews past research on how water flows around side-by-side piers, focusing on its impact on scouring around the piers under clear water conditions. This paper thoroughly examines how various hydraulic factors, as discussed in previous studies, influence the maximum depth of scour (dm) including flow intensity, flow shallowness, sediment coarseness, constriction ratio, time, and side-by-side pier spacing. A new formula using Multiple Non-Linear Regression (MNLR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) has been developed to determine dm around side-by-side piers and compared with the existing literature formulas. The formulas are evaluated using statistical parameters like correlation coefficient (R), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Normalised Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE), and Index Agreement (IA). Notably, the newly developed formula for side-by-side pier using MNLR shows the best performance with R= 0.93, NSE= 0.86, NRMSE= 0.09, IA= 0.96, and 96 % of values within ± 80 % accuracy. This study investigates flow structure interaction, based on how the pier spacing influences dm. The goal is to enhance the understanding of scour around side-by-side bridge piers, contributing to the development of resilient and sustainable infrastructure.
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spelling doaj-art-48f8f02b2f084d52b7e5b0d79292b6062025-08-20T03:49:41ZengElsevierNext Sustainability2949-82362025-01-01510013410.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100134Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure designBuddhadev Nandi0Subhasish Das1Corresponding author.; School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaA lot of research has been done on single bridge piers using experimental, numerical or database-driven models. However, there have not been many studies on groups of piers placed next to each other in the cross-flow direction. This is important for bridge design, especially with increased traffic and new bridge structures being built. Closely spaced piers often have to be placed side by side to meet the growing traffic demand. This paper reviews past research on how water flows around side-by-side piers, focusing on its impact on scouring around the piers under clear water conditions. This paper thoroughly examines how various hydraulic factors, as discussed in previous studies, influence the maximum depth of scour (dm) including flow intensity, flow shallowness, sediment coarseness, constriction ratio, time, and side-by-side pier spacing. A new formula using Multiple Non-Linear Regression (MNLR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) has been developed to determine dm around side-by-side piers and compared with the existing literature formulas. The formulas are evaluated using statistical parameters like correlation coefficient (R), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Normalised Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE), and Index Agreement (IA). Notably, the newly developed formula for side-by-side pier using MNLR shows the best performance with R= 0.93, NSE= 0.86, NRMSE= 0.09, IA= 0.96, and 96 % of values within ± 80 % accuracy. This study investigates flow structure interaction, based on how the pier spacing influences dm. The goal is to enhance the understanding of scour around side-by-side bridge piers, contributing to the development of resilient and sustainable infrastructure.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949823625000376ClearwaterBridge pierSide-by-sideMaximum scourHorseshoe vortexPier gap
spellingShingle Buddhadev Nandi
Subhasish Das
Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
Next Sustainability
Clearwater
Bridge pier
Side-by-side
Maximum scour
Horseshoe vortex
Pier gap
title Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
title_full Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
title_fullStr Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
title_full_unstemmed Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
title_short Maximum scour depth estimation around side-by-side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
title_sort maximum scour depth estimation around side by side piers due to spacing effects for sustainable hydraulic infrastructure design
topic Clearwater
Bridge pier
Side-by-side
Maximum scour
Horseshoe vortex
Pier gap
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949823625000376
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AT subhasishdas maximumscourdepthestimationaroundsidebysidepiersduetospacingeffectsforsustainablehydraulicinfrastructuredesign