Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students

Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health (MH), specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, among Chinese university students. It also aimed to analyze the influencing factors of MH, providing a theoretical foundation for developi...

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Main Authors: Bo Li, Shan-shan Han, Yu-peng Ye, Ya-xing Li, Shu-qiao Meng, Shuo Feng, Han Li, Zhong-lei Cui, Yang-Sheng Zhang, Yao Zhang, Qing Zhang, Guang-xu Wang, Hu Lou, Weidong Zhu, Yang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80034-9
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author Bo Li
Shan-shan Han
Yu-peng Ye
Ya-xing Li
Shu-qiao Meng
Shuo Feng
Han Li
Zhong-lei Cui
Yang-Sheng Zhang
Yao Zhang
Qing Zhang
Guang-xu Wang
Hu Lou
Weidong Zhu
Yang Liu
author_facet Bo Li
Shan-shan Han
Yu-peng Ye
Ya-xing Li
Shu-qiao Meng
Shuo Feng
Han Li
Zhong-lei Cui
Yang-Sheng Zhang
Yao Zhang
Qing Zhang
Guang-xu Wang
Hu Lou
Weidong Zhu
Yang Liu
author_sort Bo Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health (MH), specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, among Chinese university students. It also aimed to analyze the influencing factors of MH, providing a theoretical foundation for developing intervention programs to improve college students’ mental health. Methods A stratified, clustered, and phased sampling method was employed. In September 2022, a survey was conducted among 36,756 university students from 104 higher education institutions across 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. The participants’ PA behaviors, sleep patterns, depressive symptoms (use the CES-D), anxiety symptoms (use the GAD-7), smoking and drinking behaviors, and demographic information were assessed through an online questionnaire using Questionnaire Star software. Results A total of 30,475 valid questionnaires were completed. The proportion of university students engaging in light-intensity PA was 77.6%. The prevalence of insufficient sleep was 39.5%, whereas the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 16.7%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10%, and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 23.3%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that engaging in moderate to high-intensity PA and having sufficient and high-quality sleep were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.207–0.800, P < 0.01), whereas appropriate sleep duration and higher sleep quality were associated with a lower likelihood of anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.134–0.827, P < 0.001). Conclusion The intensity of PA among university students is predominantly light, and the reported rate of insufficient sleep is relatively high. Moderate to high-intensity PA and sufficient high-quality sleep may alleviate MH issues among college students, with an interaction effect observed among PA, sleep, and depression symptoms. Future studies should further explore targeted interventions combining PA and sleep behaviors to enhance the MH of university students.
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spelling doaj-art-48ee8dc77ceb4347aac50fc4ba03b0b02025-08-20T02:46:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-80034-9Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university studentsBo Li0Shan-shan Han1Yu-peng Ye2Ya-xing Li3Shu-qiao Meng4Shuo Feng5Han Li6Zhong-lei Cui7Yang-Sheng Zhang8Yao Zhang9Qing Zhang10Guang-xu Wang11Hu Lou12Weidong Zhu13Yang Liu14Institute of Sports Science, Nantong UniversityInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong UniversitySchool of physical education, Jing-gang-shan UniversityPhysical Education College, Shangqiu UniversityDepartment of Physical Education, Xidian UniversityCollege of Physical Education, Xinyang Normal UniversityDepartment of Physical Education, Ordos Institute of Applied TechnologyPhysical Education College of Shangqiu Normal UniversitySchool of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityInstitute of Sports and Health, Zhengzhou Shengda UniversityDepartment of Physical Education, Yangling Vocational and Technical CollegeCollege of Physical Education, Henan Normal UniversityInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong UniversityInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong UniversitySchool of Physical Education, Shanghai University of SportAbstract Objective This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health (MH), specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, among Chinese university students. It also aimed to analyze the influencing factors of MH, providing a theoretical foundation for developing intervention programs to improve college students’ mental health. Methods A stratified, clustered, and phased sampling method was employed. In September 2022, a survey was conducted among 36,756 university students from 104 higher education institutions across 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. The participants’ PA behaviors, sleep patterns, depressive symptoms (use the CES-D), anxiety symptoms (use the GAD-7), smoking and drinking behaviors, and demographic information were assessed through an online questionnaire using Questionnaire Star software. Results A total of 30,475 valid questionnaires were completed. The proportion of university students engaging in light-intensity PA was 77.6%. The prevalence of insufficient sleep was 39.5%, whereas the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 16.7%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10%, and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 23.3%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that engaging in moderate to high-intensity PA and having sufficient and high-quality sleep were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.207–0.800, P < 0.01), whereas appropriate sleep duration and higher sleep quality were associated with a lower likelihood of anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.134–0.827, P < 0.001). Conclusion The intensity of PA among university students is predominantly light, and the reported rate of insufficient sleep is relatively high. Moderate to high-intensity PA and sufficient high-quality sleep may alleviate MH issues among college students, with an interaction effect observed among PA, sleep, and depression symptoms. Future studies should further explore targeted interventions combining PA and sleep behaviors to enhance the MH of university students.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80034-9University studentPhysical activity (PA)SleepMental health (MH)DepressionAnxiety
spellingShingle Bo Li
Shan-shan Han
Yu-peng Ye
Ya-xing Li
Shu-qiao Meng
Shuo Feng
Han Li
Zhong-lei Cui
Yang-Sheng Zhang
Yao Zhang
Qing Zhang
Guang-xu Wang
Hu Lou
Weidong Zhu
Yang Liu
Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students
Scientific Reports
University student
Physical activity (PA)
Sleep
Mental health (MH)
Depression
Anxiety
title Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students
title_full Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students
title_fullStr Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students
title_full_unstemmed Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students
title_short Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students
title_sort cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among chinese university students
topic University student
Physical activity (PA)
Sleep
Mental health (MH)
Depression
Anxiety
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80034-9
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